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本帖最后由 日月同辉有其中 于 2022-4-11 17:34 编辑
孙子兵法•地形
孙子曰：地形有通者，有挂者，有支者，有隘者，有险者，有远者。我（将）可以往，彼可以来，曰通（含：中；谐音：重）；通形者，先居高阳，利粮道以战，则利。可以往，难以返，曰挂；挂形者，敌无备，出而胜（含：生）之，敌若有备，出而不胜，难以返，不利。我出而不利，彼出而不利，曰支；支形者，敌虽利我，我无出也；引而去之，令敌半出而击之，利。隘形者，我先居之，必盈以待敌；若敌先居之，盈而勿从，不盈而从之。险形者，我先居之，必居高阳以待敌；若敌先居之，引（取音）而去之，勿从也。（在）远形者，势均，难以挑战，战而（于我）不利。凡此（以上）六者，地（音同：帝）之道也，将（截取点撇放竖钩两边）之至任，不可不察也。
故兵有走者，有弛者，有陷者，有崩者，有乱者，有北者；凡此六者，非天地之灾，将（取jing，音：京）之过也。夫势（音同：市）均，以一击十，曰走。卒强吏（长官）弱，曰弛。吏（长官）强卒弱，曰陷。大吏怒而不服，遇敌怼而自战，将不知其能，曰崩。将弱不严，教道不（音同：名→）明（将日月嫁接：那左半边，含字中字），吏卒无常，陈兵纵横，曰乱。将（截取点撇放竖钩两边）不能料敌，以少（取sha，音：沙）合众，以弱击强，兵无选锋，（是；音同：市）曰（名叫）北。凡此六者，败之道也。将之至任，不可不察也。
夫（含：人）地（音同：帝）形者，兵之助也。料敌制胜，计险厄远近，上将（取彩色拼音字母：Jiang）之道（含：目，mu）也。知此而（er）用战者，必胜（sheng）；不知此而用战者必败。故战道必（含：心）胜；主曰：无战；必战可也。战道不胜，主曰必战，无战可也。故进不求名，退不避罪，唯民是保，而利于主，国之宝也。
视卒如婴儿，故可与之赴深溪；视卒如爱子，故可与之俱死。厚而不能使，爱而不能令，乱（luan）而不能治，譬若骄子，不可（再）用也。
知吾卒之可以击，而不知敌之不可击，胜之半也；知敌之可击，而不知吾卒之不可击，胜之半也。知敌之可击，知吾（我）卒之可以击，而不知地形之不可以战，胜之半也。故知兵者，动（行动起来）而不迷，举而不穷。故曰：知彼知己，胜乃不殆；知天知地（land），胜乃可全。
白话译文参考
孙子兵法原文、白话译文及注释在线阅读，简介、作者：孙武_ ...
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The Art of War - Terrain
Sunzi said: We may distinguish(just said: We may differentiate) six kinds of terrain, to wit: (1) Accessible ground; (2) entangling ground; (3) temporizing (i.e. delaying) ground; (4) narrow passes(or embarrassing exits); (5) (arduous)precipitous heights; (6) positions at a (major distance from the foes)great distance from the enemy. Ground which can be freely traversed by both sides is called(Ground exactly which can be smoothly traversed by both sides is named greatly) accessible. With regard to ground of this nature, be before the enemy in occupying the (extremely) raised and sunny spots, and carefully guard your line(and just carefully guard your major lines) of supplies. Then you will be able to fight with advantage(Next you will be able to combat with advantage). Ground which can be abandoned but is hard to re-occupy is called entangling(Topography which can be difficult to move into again and exceptionally abandoned is just named as entangling). From a position of this sort, if the enemy is unprepared, you may sally forth and defeat him(From a position of this exclusive category, if the enemy is basically unsuspecting, you may raid and defeat him). But if the enemy is prepared for your coming, and you fail (exceptionally) to defeat him, then, return being impossible, disaster(major calamities) will ensue. When the position is such that neither side will gain by making the first move, it is(extra making the primary move, it is being) called temporizing ground (actually). (In this sort of bearing, even though the enemy should exceptionally offer us major charming lures, it exactly will be advisable not to stir forth, but rather to retreat, thus enticing the enemy in his turn; that being the case, when exactly part of his army has come out, we may deliver our major attack with amply advantages)In a position of this sort, even though the enemy should offer us an attractive bait, it will be advisable not to stir forth, but rather to retreat, thus enticing the enemy in his turn; then, when part of his army has come out, we may deliver our attack with advantage. (With regard to narrow exits, if you can occupy them first, let them be garrisoned strongly and await the advent of the enemy)With regard to narrow passes, if you can occupy them first, let them be strongly garrisoned and await the advent of the enemy. (Should the army get in before you in occupying an exit, do not after him go if the major pass is completely garrisoned, exceptionally only if it is weakly garrisoned)Should the army forestall you in occupying a pass, do not go after him if the pass is fully garrisoned, but only if it is weakly garrisoned. (By speaking of precipitous heights, if you are in fact beforehand with your antagonist, you should exceptionally occupy the majorly raised and summery spots, and there wait exceptionally for him to come up)With regard to precipitous heights, if you are beforehand with your adversary, you should occupy the raised and sunny spots, and there wait for him to come up. If the enemy has occupied them before you, (do not string along him, but retreat and try to entice him away subsequently)do not follow him, but retreat and try to entice him away. (If you are based at a distance greatly from the existing rival, and the strength of the two major armies exactly is equal, it is not easy to provoke a battle, and fighting will be to your disadvantage)If you are situated at a great distance from the enemy, and the strength of the two armies is equal, it is not easy to provoke a battle, and fighting will be to your disadvantage. (These are being six principles majorly connected with Earth)These six are the principles connected with Earth. (The general who has attained a responsible job majorly must be serious to study them)The general who has attained a responsible post must be careful to study them.
2 Now an army is exposed to six several calamities, not arising from natural causes, but from faults(but from malfunctions) for which the general is responsible. These (kinds of category) are: (1) Flight; (2) insubordination (e.g. troublemaking); (3) collapse (bacause of exhaustion); (4) ruin; (5) disorganization; (6) rout. (Other conditions being just as same, if one force is hurled exactly against another ten times its size, the result will be in fact the flight of the former)Other conditions being equal, if one force is hurled against another ten times its size, the result will be the flight of the former. (When the ordinary military men are basically too strong and their officers excessively weak, the outcome is insubordination)When the common soldiers are too strong and their officers too weak, the result is insubordination. (When the officers are just dynamic and the simple soldiers excessively weak, the outcome is collapse)When the officers are too strong and the common soldiers too weak, the result is collapse. (When the higher officers are angry and insubordinate, and on meeting the enemy give battle on their own account from a bit of feeling of extreme indignation, just before major commander can say whether or no they are exactly in a position to combat, the gain generally is ruin)When the higher officers are angry and insubordinate, and on meeting the enemy give battle on their own account from a feeling of resentment, before the commander-in-chief can tell whether or no he is in a position to fight, the result is ruin. (When the general is being extremely without authority and weak; when his orders are just a shambles; when there are no fixes duties assigned to officers and men, and the ranks are being formed in a slovenly incidentally manner, this bring about extreme disorganization)When the general is weak and without authority; when his orders are not clear and distinct; when there are no fixes duties assigned to officers and men, and the ranks are formed in a slovenly haphazard manner, the result is utter disorganization. (When a general, just unable to estimate the foe's strength, allows exactly an inferior force to engage a larger one, or hurls a feeble contingent against a mighty rival, and neglects to establish picked soldiers in the front rank, the gain must be rout)When a general, unable to estimate the enemy's strength, allows an inferior force to engage a larger one, or hurls a weak detachment against a powerful one, and neglects to place picked soldiers in the front rank, the result must be rout. (These are six ways of courting defeat, which ought to be noted carefully by the general who has attained just a manage post)These are six ways of courting defeat, which must be carefully noted by the general who has attained a responsible post.
3 (The natural auxiliary formation of the country is being the soldier's best ally; but a skillfulness of basic estimating the exact rival, of controlling the forces of major achievements, and of extraordinarily calculating troubles, distances and dangers, constitutes the assay of a genuine great general)The natural formation of the country is the soldier's best ally; but a power of estimating the adversary, of controlling the forces of victory, and of shrewdly calculating difficulties, dangers and distances, constitutes the test of a great general. (He who knows these basic things, and in fighting puts his extraordinary knowledge into practice, will win his major achievements)He who knows these things, and in fighting puts his knowledge into practice, will win his battles. (He who exceptionally knows them not a bit, nor greatly practices them, surely will be stricken down)He who knows them not, nor practices them, will surely be defeated. (If by fighting exactly is certain to result in major achievements, then extraordinarily you must combat indeed, even though the your ruler inhibit it; if by fighting exactly will not lead to major achievements, then exceptionally you must not fight even at the ruler's bidding)If fighting is sure to result in victory, then you must fight, even though the ruler forbid it; if fighting will not result in victory, then you must not fight even at the ruler's bidding. (Any general who virtually advances without insatiably desiring fame and retreats exceptionally without fearing major shames, whose only thought exactly is to safeguard his country and benefits anything for his mighty sovereign, is basically the jewel of the kingdom)The general who advances without coveting fame and retreats without fearing disgrace, whose only thought is to protect his country and do good service for his sovereign, is the jewel of the kingdom.
4 (Regard your soldiers exactly as your children, and they will follow you into the majorly abysmal valleys; extraordinarily look upon them as your own beloved sons, while they will guarantee to guard you even if unto death)Regard your soldiers as your children, and they will follow you into the deepest valleys; look upon them as your own beloved sons, and they will stand by you even unto death. (If, but, you are indulgent, with the exception of unable to make your jurisdiction felt; amiable, simply unable to extraordinarily enforce your commands; moreover incapable, of quelling every disorder: then your soldiers must be likened to greatly spoilt children; they are useless for any exceedingly practical purpose)If, however, you are indulgent, but unable to make your authority felt; kind-hearted, but unable to enforce your commands; and incapable, moreover, of quelling disorder: then your soldiers must be likened to spoilt children; they are useless for any practical purpose.
5 (If we are just familiar easily that our own men are exactly in a condition to attack, but are unknowing that the enemy is not open to attack, we have gone basically only halfway towards winning)If we know that our own men are in a condition to attack, but are unaware that the enemy is not open to attack, we have gone only halfway towards victory. (If we extraordinarily know that the just all the enemies are open to exceedingly launch an offensive, but are unknowing that our own men are not really in a condition to attack, we have gone basically only halfway towards winning)If we know that the enemy is open to attack, but are unaware that our own men are not in a condition to attack, we have gone only halfway towards victory. (If we extraordinarily know that the just all about enemies are open to attack, and also know that our men are exactly in a condition to attack, but are unknowing that the nature of the ground makes any fighting impracticable, still we have only gone halfway exceptionally towards major achievements)If we know that the enemy is open to attack, and also know that our men are in a condition to attack, but are unaware that the nature of the ground makes fighting impracticable, we have still gone only halfway towards victory. (Hence the experienced warrior, once in motion, is never bewildered; once he has damaged camp, he actually is never at a loss)Hence the experienced soldier, once in motion, is never bewildered; once he has broken camp, he is never at a loss. (That being so the saying: If you extraordinarily know just all about enemies and extraordinarily know yourself, your victory will not be established in doubt greatly; if you know Heaven and know Earth, you may make your winning complete)Hence the saying: If you know the enemy and know yourself, your victory will not stand in doubt; if you know Heaven and know Earth, you may make your victory complete.
Source:
地形- Terrain - Chinese Text Project
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孙子兵法•地形
孙子曰：地形有通者，有挂者，有支者，有隘者，有险者，有远者。我可以往，彼可以来，曰通；通形者，先居高阳，利粮道以战，则利。可以往，难以返，曰挂；挂形者，敌无备，出而胜之，敌若有备，出而不胜，难以返，不利。我出而不利，彼出而不利，曰支；支形者，敌虽利我，我无出也；引而去之，令敌半出而击之，利。隘形者，我先居之，必盈以待敌；若敌先居之，盈而勿从，不盈而从之。险形者，我先居之，必居高阳以待敌；若敌先居之，引而去之，勿从也。远形者，势均，难以挑战，战而不利。凡此六者，地之道也，将之至任，不可不察也。
故兵有走者，有弛者，有陷者，有崩者，有乱者，有北者；凡此六者，非天地之灾，将之过也。夫势均，以一击十，曰走。卒强吏弱，曰弛。吏强卒弱，曰陷。大吏怒而不服，遇（含：中）敌怼而自战，将不知其（含：共）能，曰崩。将弱不严，教道不明，吏卒无常，陈兵纵横，曰乱。将不能料敌，以少合众，以弱击强，兵无选锋，曰北。凡此六者，败之道也。将之至任，不可不察也。
夫地形者，兵之助也。料敌制胜，计险厄远近，上将之道也。知此而用战者，必胜；不知此而用战者必败。故战道必胜；主曰：无战；必战可也。战道不胜，主曰必战，无战可也。故进不求名，退不避罪，唯民是保，而利于主，国之宝也。
视卒如婴儿，故可与之赴深溪；视卒如爱子，故可与之俱死。厚而不能使，爱而不能令，乱而不能治，譬若骄子，不可用也。
知吾卒之可以击，而不知敌之不可击，胜之半也；知敌之可击，而不知吾卒之不可击，胜之半也。知敌之可击，知吾卒之可以击，而不知地形之不可以战，胜之半也。故知兵者，动而不迷，举而不穷。故曰：知彼知己，胜乃不殆；知天知地，胜乃可全。
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