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To date, Vietnam has culled approximately 3million pigs to curb the spread of the disease, raising concerns that ASF couldcontribute to an increase in food insecurity in already-challengedcommunities.
截至目前，为了抑制非洲猪瘟的扩散，越南已经扑杀了近三百万头生猪，致使人们担心该疾病会在已感染区域对食品安全带来更多问题。
The Food and Agriculture Organization ofthe United Nations is urging Asian countries to maintain strict controlmeasures as almost 5 million pigs in Asia have now died or been culled becauseof the spread of African swine fever. First detected in Asia one year ago thismonth, the contagious viral disease is not dangerous to humans, but causes upto 100% fatality in pigs, leading to severe economic losses to the pig sector.
鉴于因非洲猪瘟的蔓延，目前亚洲近五百万头生猪已被扑杀或病死，联合国粮农组织鼓励亚洲国家继续采取严格的防控措施。距离非洲猪瘟在亚洲首次检出已过去整整一年，虽然这种传染病对人类不会造成危害，但对猪的致死率高达百分之百，在养猪业造成了极大的经济损失。
ASF is currently present in six Asiancountries: Cambodia, China, North Korea, Laos, Mongolia and Vietnam. The latestdata provided by FAO indicates that current losses represent more than 10% ofthe total pig population in each of these countries: China, Vietnam andMongolia.
目前亚洲已有六个国家感染非洲猪瘟：柬埔寨、中国、朝鲜、老挝、蒙古和越南。联合国粮农组织提供的最新数据表明目前中国、越南和蒙古的猪只总损失率均已超过10%。
With FAO support, other countries in theregion are ramping up preparedness efforts to prevent further spreading of thedisease.
在联合国粮农组织的援助下，亚洲其他国家正在紧锣密鼓地对该疾病进行布防。
“As there is no commercially available vaccine, we need to placegreater emphasis on other disease counter efforts. Countries must be vigilantat borders – land, sea or air – in preventing the disease’s entrance and spreadthrough the introduction of infected pigs or contaminated pork products.Outbreaks need to be reported immediately,” says FAO’s chief veterinary officerJuan Lubroth. “We are urging at-risk countries to implement effective biosecuritymeasures to prevent infected live pigs or contaminated pork products fromcrossing their borders.”
“鉴于没有商业疫苗可用，我们需要花大力气采用其他手段来抵抗该疾病。各个国家要在边境保持高度警惕—陆海空都不可掉以轻心—防止疾病通过病猪或携带病毒的猪肉产品侵袭和传播。一旦发病要马上通报，”联合国粮农组织首席兽医官Juan Lubroth表示，“我们鼓励面对较高风险的国家采取有效的生物安全措施来防止染病生猪或携带病毒的猪肉产品过境。”
On top of the Asian outbreak, Europe iscurrently experiencing a slowly-spreading epidemic among some of its wild pigpopulation and some countries have introduced tight restrictions to limit themovement of wild pigs.
在亚洲疫情蔓延的同时，欧洲目前主要面对的问题是野猪在慢慢扩散疾病，而对此一些国家已经采取严格措施来限制野猪的活动。
Limitingthe disease’s spread
限制疾病扩散
Healthy pigs can become sick throughcontact with an infected pig, particularly where blood is present. Infectioncan also occur if a pig consumes raw contaminated swill or undercooked or rawpork products. Farm workers’ contaminated footwear, clothes, tools or otherequipment can also spread infection.
健康的猪只在与病猪接触后会染病，尤其是有血液出现的情况下更危险。如果猪只吃了携带病毒的泔水或不熟的猪肉制品或生肉也会受到感染。猪场员工携带病毒的鞋袜、衣物、工具或其他物品也会扩散病毒。
Emphasizing the importance of bestpractices, FAO urges farmers affected by ASF to not move their pigs or pigproducts, emergency operators and veterinary authorities to oversee pig carcassdisposal through burning or burial on location, and for countries to have soundcompensation strategies in place to support cooperating farmers.
按照最佳处置方式，联合国粮农组织要求一旦猪场暴病，不得转猪或运输猪肉制品，紧急处置人员和兽医部门要监管死猪处置，确保掩埋或就地焚烧，而国家要采取有效的补偿措施对配合的猪场提供支持。
Economicimpacts
经济影响
The outbreak is particularly affectingvulnerable small-scale farmers who may lack the expertise or funds to protecttheir animals from the disease. In Vietnam, the pork industry makes up almost10% of the country’s agriculture sector and pork meat accounts for almost threequarters of meat consumed. The country has, to date, culled approximately 3million pigs in an effort to curb the spread of the disease, raising concernsthat ASF could contribute to an increase in food insecurity inalready-challenged communities.
疾病爆发对小养殖户的影响尤大，他们通常缺乏专业知识或资金来保护猪只抵御疾病。在越南养猪业占全国农业的10%，而猪肉则占据了肉制品市场的四分之三。目前为止越南已经扑杀了仅三百万头生猪来抑制疾病的传播，致使人们担心该疾病会在已感染区域对食品安全带来更多问题。
In China, there are at least 26 million pigfarming producers, and about 50% of total pork production is by small-scalefarmers.
中国至少有2千6百万养猪户，而小养殖户占据了全国猪肉生产的半壁江山。
“Some farmers have lost their entire pig herd to the disease and itmay take badly-affected countries years to recover from the socio-economiceffects of the outbreak,” Lubroth says.
Lubroth 表示，“一些农户因该疾病损失了所有猪只，而一些受到严重影响的国家需要数年方可从疾病造成的社会经济影响中恢复”。
FAO’semergency response
联合国粮农组织的应急响应
FAO’s Emergency Management Centre forAnimal Health has deployed several response teams to assist countries incurbing the disease, in collaboration with the World Organisation for AnimalHealth. The teams worked with veterinary services and governmentrepresentatives to increase biosecurity measures in and around farms, andadvise on effective culling techniques that respect international animalwelfare standards.
联合国动物健康紧急管理中心已经连同世界动物健康组织部署了数支应急小队协助各国应对疾病。这些小队配合兽医机构和政府代表致力于强化猪场内外的生物安全力度，并针对符合国际动物福利标准的有效扑杀手段提供建议。
The EMC-AH has also responded to requestsfrom ASF-free countries in the Asia region for guidance on protecting againstthe disease. In addition, the centre activated an ASF Incident Command Group inorder to streamline FAO’s activities and key messages on the disease.
动物健康紧急管理中心也应亚洲未感染非洲猪瘟的国家之要在预防方面提供了指导。此外，为了加快响应速度及传达疾病的关键信息，该中心也专门成立了非洲猪瘟应急指挥组。
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发表于 2019-10-11 21:55:46
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