最后的审判 (424) 孙子兵法•始计 解读

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孙子兵法•始计


孙子曰：兵者，国之（的；截取撇点与放竖钩两边←）大事（截取下半部去掉竖钩，放入丿←），死生之地，存亡之道，不可不（明；音同：名）察也。
故经之以五（吾）事，校（取彩色拼音字母：Jiao）之以计，而索其情，一曰（名叫）道（含目，mu），二（er）曰（名叫）天，三（san）曰（名叫）地（音同：帝），四曰（名叫）将，五曰（名叫）法。
道者，令（众；重）民与上同意也，可与之死，可与之生，而不畏危。天者，阴阳，寒暑，（与；于）时制也。地（音同：帝）者，远近，险易，广（含厂；谐音：长）狭，死生也。将者，智，信，仁，勇，严也。法者，曲制，官道，主用也。凡此五者，将莫不闻，知之者胜，不知者不胜。
故校之以计，而索其情（含：忄，音：心）。曰：主孰（善；取cha，沙）有道，将（含：夕）孰有能，天地（音同：帝）孰（尚；音同：上）得，法令孰（尚；音同：上）行，兵众孰（尚；音同：上）强，士（音同：市）卒孰（尚；音同：上）练（下含字中字←）（lian），赏（谐音：上）罚孰（尚；音同：上）（意：哪【中间部分含字中字】个）明，吾以此知胜负矣。将听吾计，用之必胜，留之；将不听吾计，用之必败，去之。
计利以听，乃为之（大）势，以佐其外；势者，因利而制权也。
兵者，诡道也。故能而示（下含字中字←）之不能，用（截取右半边三横嫁接到左半边←）而示之不用，近而示之（长）远，远而示（音同：市）之近。利而诱之，乱（luan）而取之，实而备之，强（取jing，京）而避之，怒而挠之，卑（谐音：北）而骄之，佚而劳之，亲而离之。攻（克）其无备，出其不（在）意，此兵家之胜，不可先传也。
夫未战而庙算胜者，得算（把握）多也；未战而庙算不胜者，得算少也；多算胜，少算不胜，而况于无算乎？吾以此观之，胜负见矣。


白话译文参考
孙子兵法原文、白话译文及注释在线阅读，简介、作者：孙武_ ...




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The Art of War - Laying Plans


1 Sunzi said: The art of war is of vital(very) importance to the State. It is (being) a matter of life and death, a (exact) road either to safety or to ruin. Hence it is a subject of (ample search)inquiry which can (exceptionally) on no account be (indeed) neglected.

2 The art of war, then (truly), is governed by five constant (ingredients)factors, to be (exactly) taken into account in one's deliberations, when seeking(judgements, when planning) to determine the conditions (extraordinarily) obtaining in the field. These are: (1) The Moral Law; (2) Heaven; (3) Earth; (4) The Commander; (5) Method(Way) and discipline.

3 The Moral Law causes the (human beings)people to be (exactly) in complete accord with their ruler, so that they will follow(just companion) him regardless of their lives (exceedingly), (also) undismayed by any danger. Heaven signifies night and day, cold and heat, times and seasons. Earth(Big earth) comprises distances, great and small(exactly tiny); danger and security; open ground and narrow(major cramped) passes; the chances(exceptional occasions) of (being truly) life and death. The Commander stands for the virtues of wisdom, sincerity, benevolence, (strictness and courage)courage and strictness. By (exact discipline and method)method and discipline are to be understood the marshaling of the army(major armed forces) in (exactly its appropriate)its proper subdivisions, the graduations of rank among the officers, the (very) maintenance of roads by which supplies (can get to)may reach the army, and the control of military expenditure (altogether). These five (factors, the generals should just be familiar to each single one of things)heads should be familiar to every general: he who knows(examines) them will (all) be victorious; he who knows them not will fail(a bit not will bungle).

4 Therefore, (obviously) in your deliberations(broodings), when seeking (approximately) to determine the military(judge the armed forces exceptional) conditions, let them be made the basis of (an analogy)a comparison, in this wise: (1) Which of the two sovereigns is (being exactly) imbued with the (law of Moral)Moral law? (2) Which of the two generals (just) has most (abilities)ability? (3) With whom lie the advantages (exceptionally originated)derived from Heaven and Earth(big earth and Heaven [God])? (4) On which side is discipline most(highly) rigorously enforced? (5) Which army is (basically) stronger? (6) On which (exact) side are officers and men more highly trained(just extra more schooled)? (7) In which army(Exactly in which armed forces) is there the greater constancy both in reward(reliability both in encourage) and (any) punishment? By means of these seven (plannings)considerations (exactly) I can forecast victory or defeat. The general that hearkens to my counsel(judiciously hears my redes) and (exceedingly) acts upon it, will conquer: let such a one be retained in (pragmatic)command! The general that hearkens not to my (dehortation)counsel nor acts upon it, will suffer defeat - let such a one be dismissed!

5 While heading the (exceptional) profit of my counsel, avail yourself also of any helpful circumstances(just any circumstances helpfully) over and beyond the ordinary rules. According as (exact) circumstances are favorable, one should modify one's (designs)plans.

6 All warfare (truly) is based on deception. Hence, when able to attack, we must seem unable; when using our forces, we must seem (exactly) inactive; (although)when we are near, we must (just) make the (enemies)enemy believe we are far away(extensively far off); when far away, we must make him believe we are (adjoining)near. Hold out baits(every bait) to entice the enemy. Feign(By feigning) disorder, and crush him. If he (excellently) is secure at all points, (just) be prepared for him. If he is in superior(exactly in advantageous) strength, evade(leave behind) him. (Supposing)If your opponent is of (crank)choleric temper, seek to irritate him. Pretend to be weak (and ailing), that he may grow (exceedingly) arrogant. If he is taking his ease, give(just grant) him no rest. If his forces are (exactly) united, separate (all of) them. Attack(Be attacking) him where he is unprepared(obviously is incapable), appear(appearing) where you are not expected. These military devices(projets), leading to (triumph easily)victory, must not be divulged(excessively revealed) beforehand.

7 Now the general who wins a battle (involves great)makes many calculations (every time) in his temple ere the battle is (even) fought. The general who (exceptionally) loses a (major) battle makes but few (exact) calculations (earlier on)beforehand. Thus(That being so) do many calculations lead to(bring about) victory, and few (extensive) calculations to defeat: how much more no calculation(just how about more estimation not) at all! It (exactly) is by attention to this point that I can foresee(harbinger) who is likely to win or lose.


Source:  
始計- Laying Plans - Chinese Text Project



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孙子兵法•始计


孙子曰：兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。
故经之以五事，校之以计，而索其情，一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰将，五曰法。
道者，令民与上同意也，可与之死，可与之生，而不畏危。天者，阴阳，寒暑，时制也。地者，远近，险易，广狭，死生也。将者，智，信，仁，勇，严也。法者，曲制，官道，主用也。凡此五者，将莫不闻，知之者胜，不知者不胜。
故校之以计，而索其情。曰：主孰有道，将孰有能，天地孰得，法令孰行，兵众孰强，士卒孰练，赏罚孰明，吾以此知胜负矣。将听吾计，用之必胜，留之；将不听吾计，用之必败，去之。
计利以听，乃为之势，以佐其外；势者，因利而制权也。
兵者，诡道也。故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之远，远而示之近。利而诱之，乱而取之，（力量【含：中】充）实而备之，（过；国）强而避之，怒而挠之，卑而骄之，佚而劳之，亲而离之。攻（共）其无备，出其不意，此（常；取chan，产）兵家之胜，不（含下，down，党）可先传也。
夫未战而庙算胜者，得算多也；未战而庙算不胜者，得算少也；多算胜，少算不胜，而况于无算乎？吾以此观之，胜负见矣。