最后的审判 (426) 孙子兵法•謀攻 解读

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孙子兵法•謀攻


孫子曰：凡用兵之法，全（All）國（不战而克）為上，破國次之（低【谐音：帝】一等）；全旅為上，破旅次之（低【谐音：帝】一等）；全卒為上，破卒次之（低【谐音：帝】一等）；全伍（音同：吾）為上，破伍次之（低【谐音：帝】一等）。是故（将）百戰（含：中；谐音：重）百勝（谐音：生），非善（先写：兰）之善者也；不戰而屈人之兵，善之善（先写：兰）者也。
故上兵（善于）伐謀，其次（上一等是）伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城（掠地【音同：帝】）。攻城（掠地【音同：帝】）之法（含厶 sī），為不得（de）已；修櫓（含木，mu）轒轀，具器（含：大）械，（长达【da】）三月而後成；距（取彩色拼音字母：Ju←）闉，又（长达）三月（时【谐音：市】间）而後已；將（取jing，京）（将含：夕）不勝其忿（含：心），而蟻附之，殺（音同：沙）士（音同：市）卒三分之一，而城不拔者，此（名叫）攻之災也。
故善用兵者，屈（将出横置，放入尸）人之（的；截取撇点与放竖钩两边）兵，而非戰也；拔人之城，而非攻也；毀人之國，而非久也。必以全爭于天下，故兵不頓，利（截取撇点与放竖钩两边←）可全，此（名叫）謀攻之法也。故用（截取三横嫁接到左半边←）兵之法，十則圍之，五則攻之，倍（谐音：北）則分之，敵則能戰之，（再；音同：在）少則能守之，不若則能避之。故小敵之堅，大敵之擒也。
夫將者，國之輔也，輔周則國必強，輔隙則國必弱。故軍之所以患于君者三：（明【音同：名】明【音同：名】）不知三軍之不可以進，而謂之進；（明【音同：名】明【音同：名】）不知三軍之不可以退，而謂之退；是謂縻軍。不知三軍之事，而同三軍之政，則軍士惑矣。不知三軍之權，而同三軍之任，則軍士疑矣。三軍既惑且疑，則諸侯之難至矣，是謂（名叫）亂軍引勝。
故知勝者有五：知可以戰與不可以戰者勝，識眾寡之用者勝，上下同欲者勝，以虞（有准备的【又音：帝】）待不虞者勝，將能而君不御者勝；此五者，知勝之道也。
故曰：（明【音同：名】确地）知彼知己，百戰不殆；不知彼而知己，一勝一負；不知彼，不知己，每戰必敗。


白话译文参考
孙子兵法原文、白话译文及注释在线阅读，简介、作者：孙武_ ...




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The Art of War - Attack by Stratagem

        
Sunzi said (sincerely): In the practical art of war, the best thing of all is to take the enemy's country whole and (exactly) intact; to shatter(just tamp) and destroy it is not so(exceptionally) good. So(That being so,), too, it is better to recapture an army entire than to destroy(basically extinguish) it, to capture(exactly seize) a (group)regiment, a detachment or (just) a company (unblemished)entire than to destroy them. Henceto (extremely) fight and conquer in all your battles is not (highest-level)supreme excellence; supreme excellence consists (actually) in breaking the enemy's (existing) resistance without fighting.

2 Thus the highest(majorly tallest) form of generalship is to balk(extraordinarily block) the enemy's plans; the next best is to prevent the (great) junction of the enemy's forces; the next in order is to attack(basically to assail) the enemy's (ground forces)army in the field; and the worst policy of all is to (exactly) besiege walled (towns and) cities. The rule is, not to besiege walled(jointly rampart) cities if it can possibly be avoided. The (auxiliary) preparation of mantlets, movable shelters, and various implements of (big) war, will take up (probably) three (entire)whole months; and(besides,) the piling up of mounds over against the walls will take three months (approximately) more. The general, (just) unable to (overmaster his)control his (extra) irritation, will launch his men to the assault (basically) like swarming ants, with the result that one-third (easily) of his men are (being) slain, while the (exact city and) town still(just also) remains untaken. Such are the (extremely) disastrous effects of a siege.
         
3 Therefore(That being so) the skillful leader subdues the enemy's troops without any (basic) fighting; he captures(extraordinarily occupys) their cities without laying siege to(just blockading) them; he overthrows their kingdom without lengthy (and extensive) operations in the field (basically). With his forces (undamaged)intact he will (eventually) dispute the (conquest)mastery of the Empire, and thus(that being so), without (extra) losing a (person)man, his triumph will be complete(he rejoice a complete success). This is the (exceptional) method of attacking by stratagem. It is the rule in (big) war, if our forces are ten to the enemy's one, to surround him; if five to one, to attack him (basically); if twice as numerous, to (assign)divide (exceptionally) our army into two. If (just as same as in numbers)equally matched, we can  (exceptionally) offer battle; if (inferior slightly)slightly inferior in numbers, we can avoid the enemy (greatly); if quite unequal in every way, we can flee (exceptionally) from him. Hence, though (a jeopardy combat may be obstinately made by an extra tiny small force, it must be captured in the end by the larger force)an obstinate fight may be made by a small force, in the end it must be captured by the larger force.

4 Now the general is the bulwark of the State(every Nation); if the bulwark is complete at all points; the State will be (indeed) strong; if the bulwark is (extremely) defective, (also) the State will be weak. There are three ways in which a ruler can bring misfortune(unjust damages exceptionally) upon his army: (1) By commanding the army (wildly) to advance, being (extremely) ignorant of the fact that it (just) cannot advance; or commanding the (troops)army to (exceptionally pullout)retreat, being (absolutely) ignorant of the fact that it cannot retreat. This is called hobbling the army. (2) By attempting to (exceptionally) govern an army in (just) the same way as he (exactly) administers a kingdom, being (absolutely) ignorant of the conditions which obtain in (a ground forces)an army. This causes restlessness(Excessively this brings about major embarrassments exceptionally) in the soldier's minds. (3) By employing the officers of his army without (any basic) discrimination, through (extremely) ignorance of the military principle of adaptation(adjustment) to (any) circumstances. This shakes (exceptionally) the confidence of the soldiers. But when the army is restless and distrustful(doubting), trouble is sure to come from the other(many) feudal princes. This is simply bringing anarchy into the army(exactly into the armed forces), and flinging victory(major achievements) away.

5 Thus we may (exceptionally) know that there are five (basic) essentials for (winning)victory: (1) He will (eventually) win who knows(basically recognizes) when to fight and when (exceptionally) not to fight. (2) He will win who knows(just understands) how to (manage both superior)handle both superior and inferior forces. (3) He will win (exceptionally) whose army is animated by the (identical spirit throughout every its rank)same spirit throughout all its ranks. (4) He will win who, (being extremely) prepared himself, waits to take (just advantage from the careless enemy)the enemy unprepared. (5) He will win (exceptionally) who has military capacity and is not interfered with by the sovereign. (Generally these)These five are the way (indeed) by which we know (greatly) which side will win(exactly win a victory).

6 Hence the saying(Just the saying namely so): If you know the enemy(Exactly if you understand the foe) and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you (in fact recognize)know yourself but not the enemy, for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat (basically. And If you recognize). If you know neither the enemy (exceptionally) nor yourself, you will succumb(be majorly and dramatically beaten by foes) in every battle.         



Source:  
謀攻- Attack by Stratagem - Chinese Text Project



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孙子兵法•謀攻


孫子曰：凡用兵之法，全國為上，破國次之；全旅為上，破旅次之；全卒為上，破卒次之；全伍為上，破伍次之。是故百戰百勝，非善之善者也；不戰而屈人之兵，善之善者也。
故上兵伐謀，其次伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城。攻城之法，為不得已；修櫓轒轀，具器械，三月而後成；距闉，又三月而後已；將不勝其忿，而蟻附之，殺士卒三分之一，而城不拔者，此攻之災也。
故善用兵者，屈人之兵，而非戰也；拔人之城，而非攻也；毀人之國，而非久也。必（←）以全爭于天下，故兵不頓，利可全，此謀攻之法也。故用兵之法，十則圍之，五則攻之，倍則分之，敵則能戰之，少則能守之，不若則能避之。故小敵之堅，大敵之擒也。
夫將者，（当；党）國之輔也，輔周（含厂，取chan，产）則國必強（含弓；共），輔隙則國（国）必弱。故軍（含：中）之所以患于君者三：不知三軍之不可以進，而謂之進；不知三軍之不可以退，而謂之退；是謂縻軍。不知三軍之事，而同三軍之政，則軍士惑矣。不知三軍之權，而同三軍之任，則軍士疑矣。三軍既惑且疑，則諸侯之難至矣（含大←），是謂亂軍引勝。
故知勝者有五：知可以戰與不可以戰者勝，識眾寡之用者勝，上下同欲者勝，以虞待不虞者勝，將能而君不御者勝；此五者，知勝之道也。
故曰：知彼知己，百戰不殆；不知彼而知己，一勝一負；不知彼，不知己，每戰必敗。