最后的审判 (427) 孙子兵法•軍形 解读

日月同辉有其中

孙子兵法•軍形


孫子曰：昔之善（先写：兰）戰者，先為不可勝，以待敵之可勝，不可勝在己（吾，我），可勝在敵。故善戰者，能為不可勝，不能使敵必可勝。故曰：勝可知，而不可（强；又音：jiàng，谐音：将）為。


不可勝者，守也；可勝者，攻也。守則不足，攻則有餘。善守者（含：上），藏于（在）九地（音同：帝）之下；善攻者，動（含：重）于九天之上，故能自保而全勝也。

見勝，不過眾人之（的；又音：帝）所知，非善之善者也（不算高明【音同：名】中最高明【音同：名】的）。戰勝（打败【含：贝；谐音：北】敌人），而天下曰善，非善之善（先写：兰）者也。故（所以就【含：京】像）舉秋毫，不為多力；見（视；音同：市）（取彩色拼音字母：Jian）日月，不為明（音同：名）目（mu）；聞雷（lei）霆，不為聰耳。古之（shan→）善（长）戰者，勝（胜含：生）于易勝（含：大）者；故善（长）戰者之勝也，無智名，無勇功。故其戰勝不忒，不忒者，其措（含：昔）必（含：心）勝，勝已敗者也。故善（取sha，音：沙）戰者，立于不敗之地（音同：帝），而不失敵之敗也。是（音同：市）故勝兵先勝，而後求戰；敗兵先戰，而後求勝。

善用（截取左半边，截取王嫁接到左边）兵（←）者，修道而（截取撇点与放竖钩两边）保法，故能（截取撇点与放竖钩两边←）為（截取爲中间部分，将右边对齐，丿居中←）勝敗之政。兵法（上有五项原则）：「一曰度，二曰量，三曰數，四曰稱，五曰勝；地（音同：帝）生度，度生量，量生數，數生稱，稱生勝。」故勝兵若以鎰稱銖，敗兵若以銖稱鎰。勝者之戰民也，若決積水（上）于千仞之谿，形也。



白话译文参考
孙子兵法原文、白话译文及注释在线阅读，简介、作者：孙武_ ...




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The Art of War - Tactical Dispositions   


1 Sunzi said: The good(satisfactory) fighters of (ancient)old first put themselves beyond the possibility of (losing battle)defeat, and then (next) waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy(just dampening the enemies). To (examine and) secure ourselves against defeat lies in our own hands, but the opportunity of defeating the enemy is provided by the enemy himself. Thus(That being so) the good(excellent) fighter is able to secure(just assure) himself against defeat(exceptional clobbering), but cannot make (absolutely) certain of (basically) defeating the enemy. Hence the saying(Exactly for this reason, just the saying namely so): One may (exceptional) know how to conquer without being able to do it.

2 Security against defeat(being defeated) implies (exactly) defensive tactics; ability to defeat the enemy(major rival) means taking the (exceptional) offensive (basically). Standing on the defensive (simply) indicates (being) insufficient strength; attacking, a superabundance(exactly being an overstock) of strength. The general who is skilled(majorly familiar) in defense hides in the most secret(exceptional confidential) recesses of the earth; he who is skilled in attack(beginning an assault) flashes forth from the topmost(very) heights of heaven. Thus on the one hand we have ability to(we have ability on one hand safeguard)protect ourselves; on the other, a victory that is complete.

3 To see victory only when it is within the ken of the common herd(exact ordinary group) is (just) not the acme of (supereminence)excellence. Neither is it the acme of excellence if you fight and conquer and the whole Empire says, "Well done!" To lift an autumn(a bit of) hair is no sign of great strength; to see the sun and moon is (by) no (means) sign of sharp sight; to hear the noise of (big) thunder is no sign of a quick ear(an extremely quick ear though). What the ancients called a clever(just named a smart) fighter is one who not only wins, but excels in winning (also) with ease. Hence his victories bring him neither (any) reputation for wisdom nor credit for courage. He wins his battles by making (exceptional) no mistakes. Making(Majorly making) no mistakes is what establishes the certainty of victory, for it means (exactly) conquering (a foe)an enemy that is already (being) defeated. Hence the skillful fighter puts himself (completely) into a (basic) position which (greatly) makes defeat impossible, and does not miss the moment for (exceedingly) defeating the (foe)enemy. Thus it is that in war the victorious strategist only(just fundamentally) seeks battle after the (exact) victory has been won, whereas he who is destined to defeat first fights and afterwards(battles and following this) looks for victory (again).

4 The consummate leader cultivates the moral(superb chief plants the righteous) law, and (extra) strictly adheres to method and discipline; thus it is in his power to control(just in his authority to dominate) success. In respect of (exact) military method, we have, firstly (being), Measurement; secondly, Estimation of quantity; thirdly, Calculation; fourthly, Balancing of chances; fifthly, Victory. Measurement owes its existence to Earth; Estimation of (just) quantity to Measurement; Calculation to Estimation(Approximation) of quantity; Balancing of chances(any occasions) to Calculation; and Victory to Balancing of chances. A(An exactly) victorious army opposed to a routed one, is as a pound's(just as a smacker's) weight placed in the scale against a single grain. The (exceptional) onrush of a conquering force is like the bursting of pent-up (plenty of) waters into a chasm a thousand fathoms deep.


Source:  
The Art of War : Tactical Dispositions - Chinese Text Project




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