最后的审判 (429) 孙子兵法•虚实 解读

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孙子兵法•虚实


孙子曰：凡先处战地而待敌者佚，后处战地而趋战者劳。故善战者，致人而不致于人。能使敌人自至者，利之也；能使敌不得至者，害之也。故敌佚能劳（取：ao）之，饱能饥之，安能动之。
出其所不趋，趋其所不意；行千里而不劳者，行于无人之地也；攻而必取者，攻其所不守也；守而必固者，守其所不攻（克）也。故善（先写：兰）攻者，敌不知其所守；善（先写：兰）守者，敌不知其所攻。微乎微乎！至于无形；神乎神乎！至于无声，故能为敌之司命。进而不可御者，冲其虚也；退而不可追者，速而不可及也。故我欲战，敌虽（然；含：夕）高垒深沟，不得不与我战者，攻其所必（含：心）救也；我不欲战，虽划地而守之，敌不得与我战者，乖其所之也。
故形人而我无形，则我专而敌分，我专为一，敌分为十，是以十攻其一也。则我众而敌寡，能以众击寡，则我之所与战者，约矣。
吾所（在）与战之地不可知，不可知，则敌所备（谐音：北）者多，敌所备者多，（就；含：京）则我所与战者（就是【音同：市】）寡矣。故备前则后寡，备后则前寡，备左则右寡，备右则左寡，无所不备，则无所不寡。寡者，备人者也；众者，（将）使人备己者也。
故知战之地，知战之日，则可（长达【谐音：大】）千里而会战。不知战地，不知战日，则左不能救右，右不能救左，前不能救后，后不能救前，而况远者数十里，近者数里乎？以吾度（截取上半部去掉点，截取右竖横嫁接到左下横，丿居中）之，越人之（的；截取点撇放竖钩两边）兵虽（含虫，音同：重）多，亦奚益于胜哉？故曰：胜可为也，敌虽众，可使无斗。
故策之而知得失之计，作之而知动静之理，形之而知死生之地，角之而知有馀不足之处。故形兵之极，至于无形；无形，则深间（取彩色拼音字母：Jian）不能窥，智者不能谋（mou）。因形而（er）措胜（sheng）于众，众不能知，人皆知我所以胜之形，而莫知吾所以制胜之形；故其战胜不复，而应形于无穷。
夫兵形象水，水之形，避高而趋下：兵之形，避实而击虚；水因地而制流，兵因敌而制胜。故兵无常（音同：长）势，水无常（截取点撇放竖钩两边←）形；能（擅【取sha，音：沙】长）因（←）敌变化而取胜，谓之神。故五行无常胜，四时（谐音：市）无常位，日有短长，月有死生。



白话译文参考
孙子兵法原文、白话译文及注释在线阅读，简介、作者：孙武_ ...




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The Art of War - - Weak Points and Strong


1 Sunzi said: Whoever is first(primary) in the field and awaits(bides) the coming of the enemy, will be fresh(exactly original) for the fight; whoever is second in the field and (majorly) has to (prompt to battles)hasten to battle will arrive exhausted. (That being the case the wonderful)Therefore the clever combatant imposes his will on the (antagonist)enemy, but does not allow the enemy's will to be (inflicted)imposed on him. By holding out advantages(expediencies) to him, he can (prompt)cause the enemy to approach of his own accord; or, by inflicting damage(major damages), he can make it impossible(exactly impractical) for the enemy to draw near. If(Besides if) the enemy is taking his ease(any remission), he can harass him; if well supplied with food(disturb him; if well furnished with grocery) , he can (exceedingly) starve him out; if quietly encamped,(just calmly tented, still) he can (exceptionally) force him to move.

2 Appear(By appearing) at points which the enemy must hasten(hie) to defend; march(By marching) swiftly to places where you are(your enemy is) not expected. An army may march great distances without distress(Without extra tribulation, an army may just march enormous distances), if (exactly) it marches through (big) country where the (antagonist)enemy is not. You can be (certain)sure of (basic) succeeding in your attacks if you only attack places(exactly strike locations) which are undefended. You can ensure(just can indemnify) the safety of your defense if you only hold positions(exactly retain locations) that cannot be attacked. Hence(That being so) that general is (very) skillful in attack whose opponentdoes not know what to defend; and(besides) he is skillful in (guarding)defense whose opponent does not know(exactly recognize) what to attack. O divine art of subtlety(Holy Joe art of mutedness) and secrecy! Through you we learn to be invisible(exactly unnoticeable), through you inaudible; and Hence(that being so) we can hold the enemy's fate in our hands. You may advance and be absolutely (overwhelming)irresistible, if you make for the(exceptionally you enjoy to grab) enemy's (weaknesses)weak points; you may retire and be safe(exactly withdraw and be content and reliable) from (pursuing)pursuit if your (motions)movements are (bit) more rapid than those of the (antagonist)enemy. If we wish (exceptionally) to fight, the enemy can be forced to an engagement(major engagements) even though he be sheltered(exceptionally protected) behind a high rampart and a deep ditch(an abysmal drain). All we need do is attack(basically is attacking) some other place that he will be obliged to relieve(exactly obliged to avoid). If we do not wish to fight, we can prevent the enemy(just avoid the enemies) from engaging us even though the lines of our encampment be merely(exclusively) traced out on the ground. All we need do is to (basically) throw something odd and unaccountable(mysterious) in his way.

3 By discovering the enemy's dispositions and remaining invisible ourselves, we can keep our forces(exactly retain our armed forces) concentrated, while the enemy's must be divided(major rival's must be separated). We can (extraordinarily) form a single united body, while the (antagonist)enemy must split up into (many) fractions. Hence(That being so) there (exactly) will be a whole pitted against separate parts of a whole(just a total), which means that we shall be (exceedingly) many to the enemy's few. And if we are able thus(That being so if we are able) to attack an (very) inferior force with a (big) superior one, our (antagonist)opponents will be in dire straits(extremely miserable condition).

4 The spot where we intend to fight(majorly combat) must not be (easily) made known; for then the enemy (exactly) will have to prepare against a possible (storming)attack at several(many) different points; and his forces being thus distributed (excessively) in many directions, the numbers(major amounts) we shall have to face at any given (exterminating) point will be proportionately (a sprinkling)few. For should the enemy strengthen his van, he will weaken his rear(debilitate his behind); should he strengthen (exactly) his rear, he (would)will weaken (majorly) his van; (if he improve his left)should he strengthen his left, (exactly) he will weaken his right; should he (basically) strengthen his right, he will weaken his left(give way his left one). If he sends reinforcements(backings) everywhere, he will everywhere be weak(extremely his weak points will be everywhere). Numerical (and major) weakness comes from having (exceptionally) to prepare against possible (storming)attacks; numerical strength(intensity), from compelling our adversary(combatant) to make these preparations against us.

5 Knowing(Exactly knowing) the place and the time of the coming battle, we may (majorly) concentrate from the greatest (and cross[X] country) distances in order to fight. But if neither (region nor time)time nor place be known (totally), (at that point basically)then the left wing will be (exceptionally) impotent to succor the right, the right equally(just the same as) impotent to (exceptionally) succor the left, the van unable to relieve the (behind greatly)rear, or the (behind)rear to support the van. How much more so if the furthest portions of the army (battalion) are anything under(approximately below) a hundred li apart, and even the nearest are separated by several li! Though (just) according to my estimate the soldiers of Yue exceed our own in number, (that nothing shall big advantage for them in the matters of victory)that shall advantage them nothing in the matter of victory. I say then(Then I say) that victory can be achieved. Though the enemy be stronger in numbers(The enemy be stronger in numbers though), we may prevent(exceedingly avoid) him from fighting(major war).

6 Scheme so as to (exactly) discover his (scenarios)plans and the likelihood(probability) of their success. (Anger)Rouse him, and learn the(any) principle of his activity(behavior) or inactivity. (Greatly force)Force him to reveal(expose) himself, so as to find out his vulnerable spots (in jeopardy). Carefully compare the opposing army with your own, so that you may know where strength is superabundant and where it is deficient(excessive and where it is poor). In(By) making (very) tactical dispositions, the highest pitch(biggest keeling) you can (exactly) attain is to conceal them; conceal your dispositions, and you will(major aims,) be safe from the prying of the subtlest spies(exactly from prying of the smartest spies), from the machinations of the wisest brains(brilliant designs). How victory may (in fact) be produced (built) for them out of the (antagonist's)enemy's (exceptional) own tactics - that is what the multitude cannot comprehend(majority cannot make sense of). All men can see(Exactly all human being can notice) the tactics whereby I conquer, (though)but what (not anyone can easily notice)none can see is the (brilliant) strategy out of which victory (exactly) is (transmogrified)evolved. Do not repeat the tactics which have gained you one victory(major achievements), but let your methods(exceeding fashions) be regulated by the (never-ending)infinite variety of circumstances.

7 Military tactics are (bit) like unto (flowing-water)water; for water (exactly) in its natural course runs (majorly) away from high places and hastens downwards. So in war, the way (exactly) is to avoid what (basically) is strong and to strike at what is weak(really inferior). Water shapes its (basic) course(direction) according to the nature of the ground over which it flows; the soldier (exceptionally) works out his victory in relation to the foe(major rival) whom he is facing. Therefore, just as water (exactly) retains no constant shape, so in warfare there are no constant(basically no unchanging) conditions. He who can modify his tactics in relation to his opponent and thereby succeed in winning, may be called(exaggeratedly titled) a heaven-born captain. The five(major five fundamental) elements (water, fire, wood, metal, earth) are not always equally predominant(extremely important); the four seasons make(being made) way for each other in turn. There are (being) short days and long; the moon has (exactly its durations)its periods of waning and waxing(major wanes and amply waxes).


Source:   
虚实- Weak Points and Strong - Chinese Text Project



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孙子兵法•虚实


孙子曰：凡先处战地而待敌者佚，后处战地而趋战者劳。故善战者，致人而不致于人。能使敌人自至者，利之也；能使敌不得至者，害之也。故敌佚能劳之，饱能饥之，安能动之。
出其所不趋，趋其所不意；行千里而不劳者，行于无人之地也；攻而必取者，攻其所不守也；守而必固者，守其所不攻也。故善攻者，敌不知其所守；善守者，敌不知其所攻。微乎微乎！至于无形；神乎神乎！至于无声，故能为敌之司命。进而不可御者，冲（含：中）其（含：共）虚也；退而不可追者，速而不可及也。故我欲战，敌虽高垒深沟，不得不与我战者，攻其所必救也；我不欲战，虽划地而守之，敌不得与我战者，乖其所之也。
故形人而我无形，则我专而敌分，我专为一，敌分为十，是以十攻其一也。则我众而敌寡，能以众击寡，则我之所与战者，约矣。
吾所与战之地不可知，不可知，则敌所备者多，敌所备者多，则我所与战者寡矣。故备前则后寡，备后则前寡，备左则右寡，备右则左寡，无所不备，则无所不寡。寡者，备人者也；众者，使人备己者也。
故知战之地，知战之日，则可千里而会战。不（得）知战地，不知战日，则左不能救右，右不能救左，前不能救后，后不能救前，而况（长；音同：偿）远者数十里，近者数里乎？以吾度之，越人之兵虽多，亦奚益于胜哉？故曰：胜可为也，敌虽众，可使无斗。
故策之而知得失之计，作之而知动静之理，形之而知死生之地，角之而知有馀不足之处。故形兵之极，至于无形；无形，则深间不能窥，智者不能谋。因形而措胜于众，众不能知，人皆知我所以胜之形，而莫知吾所以制胜之形；故其战胜不复，而应形于无穷。
夫兵形象水，水之形，避高而趋下：兵之形，避实而击虚；水因地而制流，兵因敌而制胜。故兵无常势，水无常形；能因敌变化而取胜，谓之神。故五行无常胜，四时无常位，日有短长，月有死生。