最后的审判 (431) 孙子兵法•军争 解读

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孙子兵法•军争


孙子曰：凡用兵之法，将受（截取点撇放竖钩两边←）命于君（含字中字←），合军聚众，交和而舍，莫难于军争。军争之难者，以迂为直，以患为利。故迂其途，而诱之以利，后人发，先人至，此知迂直之计者也。故军争为利，军争为危。
举军而争利，则不及；委军而争利，则辎重捐。是故卷甲（取彩色拼音字母：Jia）而趋，日夜不处，倍道（含：目，mu）兼行，百里而（er）争利，则擒三（san）将军，劲者先，疲者后，其法十一而至；五（音同：吾）十里而争利，则蹶上将军，其法半至；卅里而争利，则三分之二至。是故军无辎重则亡，无粮食则亡，无委积则亡。故不知诸侯之谋者，不能豫交；不知山林、险阻、沮泽之形（截取开右下竖从两横中间穿过，修剪右上、右下角）者，不能行军，不能乡导者，不能得（截取点撇放竖钩两边）地（land）利。
故兵以诈立，以利动，以分合为变者也，故其疾如风，其徐如林，侵掠如火，不动如山，难知如阴，动（可）如雷霆。掠乡分众，廓地分利，悬权而动，先知迂直之计者胜（含：生），此（都是；all）军争之法也。
军政曰：“言不相闻，故为金鼓；视不相见，故为旌旗。”夫金鼓旌旗者，所以一人之耳目也；人既专一，则勇者不得独进，怯者不得独退，此用众之法也。故夜战（常；音同：长）多火鼓，昼战多旌旗，所以变人之耳目也。
故三军可夺气，将军可夺心。是故朝气锐，昼气惰，（时至夕阳西下→）暮（含：大）气归；故（先写：兰→）善（长）用兵者，避其锐（字义：sharp，取：sha，沙）气，击其惰归，此治气者也。以治待（含侍；音同：市）乱，以静待哗，此治心者也。以近待远，以佚待劳，以饱待（含侍；音同：市）饥，此治力者也。
无邀正正之（旌；音同：京）旗，勿击堂堂之阵，此治变者也；故用兵之法，高陵勿向，背邱勿逆，佯北勿从，锐卒勿攻，饵兵勿食，（对正在）归师勿遏，围师必阙，穷寇勿迫，此用兵之法也。


白话译文参考
孙子兵法原文、白话译文及注释在线阅读，简介、作者：孙武_ ...




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The Art of War - Maneuvering         


1 Sunzi said: In war, the general receives his commands (directly) from the sovereign. Having(By having) collected an army and (exceptionally) concentrated his (major armed) forces, he must blend and harmonize the different elements(mix and harmonize the unalike factors) thereof before pitching his (every battalion) camp. After that, comes (basic) tactical maneuvering, than which there is nothing more difficult(excessively arduous). The difficulty(major embarrassments) of (extremely) tactical maneuvering consists (basically) in turning the devious(very winding) into the direct, and (basic) misfortune into gain. Thus, to take a long(an extra distant) and circuitous route, after enticing the enemy(majorly after tempting the enemies) out of the way, and though starting after (foes)him, to (exceptionally) contrive to reach the goal before him, shows(before foes, indicates) knowledge of the artifice(trickery) of deviation. Maneuvering with an army(By maneuvering expertly with an armed forces) is advantageous; with an undisciplined multitude(a jumbled majority), most dangerous.

2 If you set a fully(an exhaustively) equipped (armed forces)army in march in order to snatch an(basic) advantage, the chances are that you will be too late(overly behind). On the other hand, to detach(abandon) a flying column for the purpose (exactly) involves the sacrifice of its baggage and stores. Thus, if you order your men to roll up their buff-coats (or jackets), and make (marches forced)forced marches without (exactly) halting day or night, (bitterly) covering double the usual(ordinary) distance at a stretch, doing(rambling) a hundred li in order to wrest an advantage, the leaders of all your three divisions (exactly) will fall into the hands of the enemy(major palms of the foes). The stronger men will be (exactly) in front, the jaded ones will fall behind (greatly), and on this plan (basically) only one-tenth of your (ground troops)army will reach (extremely tired) its destination. If you march (just as many lengths as) fifty li in order to (exceptionally) outmaneuver the enemy, you will lose the leader of your first(beginning) division, and only (fifty percent of)half your force will reach(big force will attain) the goal. If you march thirty li (extremely) with the same object, two-thirds of your (major) army will (come on the scene)arrive. We may take it then(Then we may take exactly it) that (armed forces)an army without its baggage-train is (gone)lost; without (any) provisions it is lost; without bases of (transportation it is gone)supply it is lost. We cannot enter into alliances(exactly join into coalitions) until we are acquainted(majorly are familiar) with the designs of our neighbors. We are not fit to lead(basically not fit to guide) an (excellent military force)army on the march unless we are familiar with the face of the country - its mountains and forests, its (big) pitfalls and (high) precipices, its (extra mires and morasses)marshes and swamps. We shall be unable to turn natural advantage to account(just unable to transform natural benefits to use) unless we make use of local guides.

3 In war, practice (exercises of) dissimulation, and you will succeed. Whether to (assemble or to partition your contingents)concentrate or to divide your troops, must be decided by circumstances. Let your rapidity be that of the wind, your (stringency)compactness that of the forest. In (explosively) raiding (or)and plundering be like fire, is immovability like(just as same as) a mountain. Let your plans be dark and (extremely) impenetrable as (hours of) night, and when you move(throb), fall like a thunderbolt (grandly). When you plundera countryside, let the (benefits)spoil be divided amongst your men; when you (exceedingly) capture new territory, cut it up into (just) allotments for the benefit of the (extraordinary) soldiery. Ponder and deliberate(By pondering and deeply deliberating) before you (take action again)make a move. He will (extraordinary) conquer who has learnt the (major artifices of mistakes or deviations)artifice of deviation. Such (exactly) is the art of (basic) maneuvering.

4 The Book of Army Management says(said): On the field of battle, the spoken word(battle field, the spoken language) does not carry (exceedingly) far enough: hence the institution(major establishments) of (exceptional) gongs and drums. Nor can ordinary objects be seen(be noticed) clearly enough: hence(consequently) the institution of banners and flags(ensigns). Gongs and drums, (exact ensigns and colours)banners and flags, (just) are means whereby the ears and eyes(exact visions and ears) of the host may be (pointed on one designated)focused on one particular point. The host thus(thereby) forming a single united body, is it (not worth considering)impossible either for the brave to advance alone, or for the (exceptional) cowardly to retreat alone. This is the art of handling(adjusting) large masses of men. In night-fighting, then, make much(extra) use of signal-fires and (tambours)drums, and in fighting by day (fighting), of flags and banners, (just) as a means of influenci ng the ears and eyes(exact visions and ears) of your army.

5 A whole army may be robbed of its (intelligence)spirit; a commander-in-chief may be robbed of his presence of (basic) mind. (At the stage of morning a soldier's spirit)Now a soldier's spirit is keenest in the morning(exactly is sharpest); by noonday it has begun to flag(just has became to sink); and in the evening, his mind(exactly his attention) is bent only on returning to camp. A clever(very intelligent) general, therefore(that being the case), (exceedingly) avoids an(a major) army when its spirit is keen(exactly is sharp-pointed), but attacks it when it is sluggish and inclined(bacome inclined and sluggish) to return. This is the art of studying moods. Disciplined(By disciplining) and calm, (extraordinary) to await the appearance of disorder and hubbub(hubbub and jumble) amongst the (foes)enemy - this (exactly) is the art of (basic) retaining self-possession. To be near the goal(close by the intent) while the enemy is still far from it, to wait at ease while the enemy is (bitterly) toiling and struggling (exceptionally), to be well-fed while the enemy is (majorly) famished - this (exactly) is the art of husbanding one's strength(intensity).

6 To refrain from (basically) intercepting an enemy whose banners are in perfect(exactly in ideal) order, to (just) refrain from (easily) attacking an army drawn up (exactly) in calm and confident array - this is (being) the art of studying circumstances(ambiences). It is a (great) military axiom (always) not to advance uphill against the (major gathered) enemy (easily), nor to (exceptionally) oppose him when he comes downhill(begins to come downhill greatly). Do not pursue an enemy who (feigns basically flighting)simulates flight; do not attack soldiers whose temper is keen(extremely is sharp-pointed). Do not swallow bait offered by the (major rival or) enemy (easily). Do not interfere with an army(extremely with a troop) that is(begin) returning home. When you surround an army, (remain)leave an outlet (being) free. Do not press a desperate foe too hard(excessively arduous). Such is the art of warfare(major art of armed conflicts).


Source:   
军争- Maneuvering - Chinese Text Project



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孙子兵法•军争


孙子曰：凡用兵之法，将受命于君，合军聚众，交和而舍，莫难于军争。军争之难者，以迂为直，以患（含：中）为利。故迂其（含：共）途，而诱之以利，后人发，先人至，此知迂直之计者也。故军争为利，军争为危。
举军而争利，则不及；委军而争利，则辎重捐。是故卷甲而趋，日夜不处，倍道兼行，百里而争利，则擒三将军，劲者先，疲者后，其法十一而至；五十里而争利，则蹶上将军，其法半至；卅里而争利，则三分之二至。是故军无辎重则亡，无粮食则亡，无委积则亡。故不知诸侯之谋者，不能豫交；不知山林、险阻、沮泽之形者，不能行军，不能乡导者，不能得地利。
故兵以诈立，以利动，以分合为变者也，故其疾如风，其徐如林，侵掠如火，不动如山，难知如阴，动如雷霆。掠乡分众，廓地分利，悬权而动，先知迂直之计者胜，此军争之法也。
军政曰：“言不相闻，故为金鼓；视不相见，故为旌旗。”夫金鼓旌旗者，所以一人之耳目也；人既专一，则勇者不得独进，怯者不得独退，此用众之法也。故夜战多火鼓，昼战多旌旗，所以变人之耳目也。
故三军可夺气，将军可夺心。是故朝气锐，昼气惰，暮气归；故善用兵者，避其锐气，击其惰归，此治气者也。以治待乱，以静待哗，此治心者也。以近待远，以佚待劳，以饱待饥，此治力者也。
无邀正正之旗，勿击堂堂之阵，此治变者也；故用兵之法，高陵勿向，背邱勿逆，佯北勿从，锐卒勿攻，饵兵勿食，归师勿遏，围师必阙，穷寇勿迫，此用兵之法也。