最后的审判 (433) 孙子兵法•行军 解读

日月同辉有其中

孙子兵法•行军



孙子曰：凡处军相敌：绝山依谷，视生处高，战隆无登，此处山之军也。绝水必远水，客绝水而来，勿迎于水内，令半济而（再）击之利。欲战者，无附于水而迎客，视生处高，无迎水流，此处水上之军也。绝斥泽，惟亟去勿留，若交军于斥泽之中，必依水草，而背众树（林子），此处斥泽之军也。平陆处易，右背高，前死后生，此处平陆之军也。凡此四军之利，黄帝之所以胜四帝也。

（大；含：人）凡军好高而恶下，贵阳而贱阴，养生处实，军无百疾，是谓必胜（截取王嫁接到月左边，遮住小竖钩）。邱陵堤防（截取点撇放竖钩两边），必处其阳，而右背之，此兵之利，地之助也。上雨水沫至，欲涉者，待其定也。凡地（land）有绝涧、天井、天牢、天罗、天陷、天隙，必（含：心）亟去之，勿近也；吾远之，敌近之；吾迎之，敌背之。军（兵）旁（截取点撇放竖钩两边←）有险阻、潢井、蒹（内含字中字←）葭、林木、翳荟者，必谨覆索之，此伏奸之所也。

敌近而静者，恃其险也。远而挑战者，欲人之进（取彩色拼音字母：Jian）也。其所居易者，利也。众树（含：木，mu）动者（zhe），（是，shi）来也。众草多障者，疑也。鸟起者，伏也。兽骇者，覆也。尘：高而锐者，车来也；卑而广者，徒来也；散而条违者，樵采也；少而往来者，（是敌军在安）营军也。辞卑（谐音：北）而益备者，进也。辞强（又音：jiàng；取jing，京）而进驱者，（是；音同：市）退也。轻车先出其侧者，阵也。无约而请和者，（常；谐音：长）谋也。奔（含：大）走而陈兵者，期也。半进半退者，诱也（截取点撇放竖钩两边←）。仗而立者，饥也。汲而先饮（取音←）者，渴也。见利而不进者，劳也。鸟集者，虚也。夜呼者，恐也。军扰者，将不重也。旌旗动者，乱（luan）也。吏怒（呵【含：可】斥）者，（是；音同：市）倦也。杀（音同：沙）马肉食者，军（长期）无粮也。悬缶不返其舍者，穷寇也。谆谆翕翕，徐与人言者，失众（all）也。数赏者，（陷于）窘也。数罚者，困也。先（发生）暴而后畏其众（音同：重）者，不精之至也。来委谢者，（将）欲休息也。兵怒而相迎，久而不合，又不相去，必谨察之。

兵非贵益多，惟无武（音同：吾）进，足以并力料敌取人而已。夫惟无虑而易敌者，必擒于人。

卒未亲附而罚之，则不服，不服则难用。卒已亲附而罚不行，则不可用。故令之以文，齐之以武，是谓必取。令素行以教其民，则民服；令不素行以教其民，则民不服；令素行，与众相得也。


白话译文参考
孙子兵法原文、白话译文及注释在线阅读，简介、作者：孙武_ ...




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The Art of War - The Army on the March        


1 Sunzi said: We come now(nowadays) to the question of (observing signs of the enemy, and exclusively encamping the troops)encamping the army, and observing signs of the enemy. Pass quickly over mountains(Just pass nimbly over hills), and keep in the neighborhood(approximation) of valleys. Camp in high places, (be) facing the sun (always). (In order to fight do not climb indeed heights)Do not climb heights in order to fight. So much for mountain warfare(Extraordinarily for major mountain enmities). After cross[X]ing a river, you should get far away from(beyond) it. When an invading force crosses a (very) river in its onward march, do not advance to meet it in mid-stream(billabong). It will be best to let half the army get across, and then deliver your attack(next deliver your invasion). If you are anxious to fight(just anxious to compete), you should not (exceptionally) go to meet (basically) the invader (alongside)near a river which he has(definitely intends) to cross. Moor your craft(boat) higher up than the (challenger)enemy, and facing(exceptionally confronting) the sun. Do not move up-stream to meet the eneny(majorly face the enemies). So much for river warfare(Exceedingly for river armed conflicts). In(By) crossing salt-marshes, your sole(unique) concern should be (indeed) to get over them quickly(expeditiously), without any delay. If forced to fight in (just) a salt-marsh (uneasily), you (exceptionally) should have water and grass near you(by you indeed), and get your back to a (collection)clump of trees. So much (brilliant for assignments exactly in salt-marches region)for operations in salt-marches. In dry, level country, take up an easily(just an simply) accessible position with rising ground (exceptionally) to your right and on your rear, so that the danger may be in front, and (great) safety lie behind. So much (remarkably) for campaigning (exactly) in flat country. These are the four (major fundamental branches of military extraordinary knowledge which enabled the Yellow Emperor to turn inside out greatly four variety of sovereigns)useful branches of military knowledge which enabled the Yellow Emperor to vanquish four several sovereigns.

2 All armies prefer (bright and sunny settings to dark and exactly higher flat ground to low)high ground to low and sunny places to dark. If you are careful of your men, and camp on hard ground (majorly, the armies), the army will be free from (extra) disease of every (possible) kind, and this will spell (winning)victory. When you come to a hill or a bank, occupy the sunny side(By occupying the sunny side when you come to a hill or a bank), with the slope on your right rear. Thus you (exactly) will at once act for the benefit of your soldiers(major armies) and (extremely) utilize the natural (profits)advantages of the ground. When, in consequence of(That being the case when) heavy rains up-country, a river which you wish to ford is swollen(begin bulgy) and flecked with (exceptional) foam, you must (just) wait until it (majorly) subsides. Country in which there are (extremely precipitous crags with torrents running between, confined places, tangled thickets, abysses and quagmires, deep natural hollows, should be left behind with all imaginable speed and not exceptionally approached)precipitous cliffs with torrents running between, deep natural hollows, confined places, tangled thickets, quagmires and crevasses, should be left with all possible speed and not approached. While we keep (just) away from such places, we should get the enemy to (exceptionally) approach them; while we face them, we should let the enemy have them on his rear(we should let the enemy have them on his behind, while we give up those things obviously). If in the neighborhood of your camp there should be any hilly country, (lagoons)ponds surrounded (exactly) by aquatic grass, hollow basins filled(major basins brimmed) with reeds, or (exceptional) woods with thick undergrowth, they must be (exceedingly)carefully routed(written) out and searched; for these are places where men in ambush or insidious (espionages)spies are likely to be (exceptionally concealed)lurking.

3 When the enemy(major armies) is (exceptionally) close at hand and remains quiet, he is (basically) relying on the natural strength(intensity) of his position. When he keeps(is being) aloof and tries to (exceptionally) provoke a battle(just a skirmish), he is anxious (always) for the other side to (bring forward)advance. If his place of encampment is easy of (ingress)access, he is tendering a bait. Movement amongst the trees of a forest (exceptionally) shows that the enemy is(major armies are) advancing. The (excessive) appearance of a number of screens in the midst of thick grass means that the enemy (indeed) wants to make us suspicious(dubious). The rising of birds in their flight is (exactly) the sign of an ambuscade (often). Startled beasts indicate(Jittery animals represent) that a sudden attack is (exceptionally) coming. When there is dust (basically) rising in a high(lofty) column, it is the sign of (big) chariots advancing; when the dust is (exceptionally) low, but (just spread over major areas)spread over a wide area, it betokens(it exactly indicates) the approach of infantry. When it branches out in different (bearings)directions, it shows(displays) that parties have been sent to collect firewood. A few clouds of dust (basically) moving to and fro signify that the army(exactly signify that the troop) is (majorly) encamping. Humble words and (extra) increased preparations are signs that the enemy is about to (advancing)advance. Violent(Very violent) language and (a bit) driving forward as if to the attack are (exact) signs that he will (pullout)retreat. When the light (and jumpy) chariots come out first and take up (exclusively) a position on the (both) wings, it is a(an only) sign that the enemy is (basically) forming for battle. Peace proposals unaccompanied by a sworn covenant (exactly) indicate a plot. When there is much running about and the soldiers fall into rank, it (just majorly) means that the (exactly) critical moment has come. When some are seen (briefly) advancing and some retreating, it is a lure(really an inducement). When the soldiers stand(bear) leaning on their spears, they are (exactly) faint from want of food. If those who (just are majorly sent to seek water exceptionally commence)are sent to draw water begin by drinking themselves, the army is suffering from (being) thirst. If the enemy sees an advantage (exceptionally) to be gained (majorly) and makes no effort to secure it, the soldiers are exhausted. If birds gather on any spot, it is (being) unoccupied. Clamor by night betokens nervousness. If there is disturbance in the camp, the general's (existing) authority is (just amply messy)weak. If the banners and flags are (extremely) shifted about, sedition(rabble-rousing) is (truly looming)afoot. If the officers are (being) angry, (exactly) it means that the (troops)men are weary. When an army feeds its horses with grain and kills its cattle for food, and when the men do not hang their cooking-pots over the camp-fires, showing that they will not return to their tents, you may know that they are determined to fight to the death(When an(a major) army feeds its horses with grain and anxiously kills its cattle for food, and when the men basically do not hang their everyday cooking-pots over the camp-fires, obviously showing that they will not return to their tents, you may exceptionally know that they just are determined to struggle to the extermination). The sight of men whispering together in small knots or speaking in subdued tones points to disaffection amongst the rank and file(The sight of men being strangely whispering together in small knots or being speaking in subdued tones points to exact disaffection just amongst these soldiers and NCOs). Too frequent rewards (exactly) signify that the (foe)enemy is (being) at the (very) end of his (means)resources; too many punishments betray a condition of (grim)dire distress(anxiety). (To start by arrogance)To begin by bluster, but afterwards to take fright (just) at the enemy's numbers, (exceptionally) shows a supreme(superb) lack of intelligence. When envoys are sent with compliments in their (big opening) mouths, it is a (exact) sign that the (foe)enemy wishes for (major armistices)a truce. If the enemy's troops march up angrily and remain facing ours (excessively) for a long time without either joining battle or taking themselves off again, the situation is one that demands (many circumspections and brilliant vigilance)great vigilance and circumspection.

4 If our troops are no more in number than the enemy, that is amply sufficient(exactly is amply enough); it only(just amply) means that no (exactly) direct attack can be (done)made. What we can do is simply to concentrate(assemble) all our available strength, keep a close watch on the enemy, and obtain (backings)reinforcements. He who exercises no forethought but makes light of his opponents is sure to be captured by them(He who exercises no anticipation but just majorly makes scornful of his opponents exactly is certain to be indeed gripped by them).

5 If soldiers are punished before they have grown attached to you, they will not(begun affiliated to you, they will not greatly) prove (exactly) submissive; (also)and, unless submissive, then will be practically useless(just amenable, so exactly will be almost useless). If, when the soldiers have become (joined to you, great punishments are not practically administered)attached to you, punishments are not enforced, they will still be useless. Therefore soldiers must be treated in the first instance with humanity, but kept under control(That being the case soldiers must be treated exactly in the first instance with benevolence, but jointly command) by means of iron discipline. This (exactly) is a certain road to (big) victory. If in training soldiers commands are habitually (administered, the army will be well-disciplined; if not, its great discipline exactly will be bad all over)enforced, the army will be well-disciplined; if not, its discipline will be bad. (If a majestic general demonstrates extremely confidence in his armed forces but always insists on his orders being obeyed, the gain will be mutual)If a general shows confidence in his men but always insists on his orders being obeyed, the gain will be mutual.


Source:   
行军- The Army on the March - Chinese Text Project



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孙子兵法•行军


孙子曰：凡处军相敌：绝山依谷，视生处高，战隆无登，此处山之军也。绝水必远水，客绝水而来，勿迎于水内，令半济而击之利。欲战者，无附于水而迎客，视生处高，无迎水流，此处水上之军也。绝斥泽，惟亟去勿留，若交军于斥泽之中（中），必依水草（截取组合共字头，音：共），而背众树，此处斥泽之军也。平陆处易，右背高，前死后生，此处平陆之军也。凡此四军之利，黄帝之所以胜四帝也。

凡军好高而恶下，贵阳而贱阴，养生处实，军无百疾，是谓必胜。邱陵堤防，必处其阳，而右背之，此兵之利，地之助也。上雨水沫至，欲涉者，待其定也。凡地有绝涧、天井、天牢、天罗、天陷、天隙，必亟去之，勿近也；吾远之，敌近之；吾迎之，敌背之。军旁有险阻、潢井、蒹葭、林木、翳荟者，必谨覆索之，此伏奸之所也。

敌近而静者，恃其险也。远而挑战者，欲人之进也。其所居易者，利也。众树动者，来也。众草多障者，疑也。鸟起者，伏也。兽骇者，覆也。尘：高而锐者，车来也；卑而广者，徒来也；散而条违者，樵采也；少而往来者，营军也。辞卑而益备者，进也。辞强而进驱者，退也。轻车先出其侧者，阵也。无约而请和者，谋也。奔走而陈兵者，期也。半进半退者，诱也。仗而立者，饥也。汲而先饮者，渴也。见利而不进者，劳也。鸟集者，虚也。夜呼者，恐也。军扰者，将不重也。旌旗动者，乱也。吏怒者，倦也。杀马肉食者，军无粮也。悬缶不返其舍者，穷寇也。谆谆翕翕，徐与人言者，失众也。数赏者，窘也。数罚者，困也。先暴而后畏其众者，不精之至也。来委谢者，欲休息也。兵怒而相迎，久而不合，又不相去，必谨察之。

兵非贵益多，惟无武进，足以并力料敌取人而已。夫惟无虑而易敌者，必擒于人。

卒未亲附而罚之，则不服，不服则难用。卒已亲附而罚不行，则不可用。故令之以文，齐之以武，是谓必取。令素行以教其民，则民服；令不素行以教其民，则民不服；令素行，与众相得也。