最后的审判 (436) 孙子兵法•火攻 解读

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孙子兵法•火攻


孫子曰：凡火攻有五：一曰火人，二曰火積，三曰火輜，四曰火庫，五曰（名叫）火隊。行火必有因，煙火必素具。發火有時，起火有日。時者，天之燥也。日者，月在箕壁翼軫也。凡此四宿者，風起之（的；又音：帝）日也。

凡火攻，必因五火之變而應之，火發于內，則早應之于外。火發而其兵靜者，待而勿（马上）攻。極其火力（上升至最旺的【又音：帝】时候），可從而從之，不可從而止（含：上）。火可發于外，無待于內，以時發之。火發上風，無攻下（字义：低；谐音：帝）風，晝風久，夜風止（含：上）。凡軍必知五火之（的；又音：帝）變，以數守之。故以火佐攻者明（音同：名），以水佐攻者強，水可以絕（隔绝的【又音：帝】作用），不可以奪。

夫戰勝攻取，而不修其攻者凶，命（音同：名）曰費留。故曰：明（音同：名）主慮之，良將修之，非利不動，非得不用，非危不戰。主不可以怒而興師，將不可以慍而致戰；合于利而動，不合于利而止。怒可以復喜，慍可以復悅，亡國不可以復存，死者不可以復生。故明（音同：名）君慎之，良將警之，此安國全軍之道也。



白话译文参考
孙子兵法原文、白话译文及注释在线阅读，简介、作者：孙武_ ...




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The Art of War - The Attack by Fire         


Sunzi said: There are five ways of attacking with fire. (The first is to burn soldiers in their big camp; the next is to burn major provisions; the third is to set fire just to all equipments; the fourth exactly is to burn weapons and magazines; the fifth is basically to hurl dropping fire amongst the enemy's transportation equipment. Before carrying out an attack, we must exceptionally own major available means)The first is to burn soldiers in their camp; the second is to burn stores; the third is to burn baggage trains; the fourth is to burn arsenals and magazines; the fifth is to hurl dropping fire amongst the enemy. In order to carry out an attack, we must have means available. (The exact material for raising fire should always be kept in greatly handy readiness. There is a suitable season for making attacks with fire, and exactly special days for starting major flames)The material for raising fire should always be kept in readiness. There is a proper season for making attacks with fire, and special days for starting a conflagration. (The extremely suitable season is being when the weather is very uninteresting or dry; the special days are being those when the moon is exactly in the constellations of the Sieve, the Wall, the Wing or the Cross-bar; for these four are all major days of promoting gales)The proper season is when the weather is very dry; the special days are those when the moon is in the constellations of the Sieve, the Wall, the Wing or the Cross-bar; for these four are all days of rising wind.

2 (In attacking exactly with flame, one should be prepared for meeting five likely evolutions: (1) When fire breaks out inside to enemy's big camp,  respond exceptionally at once with just an attack from the outside. (2) If there exactly is an outbreak of fire, but the enemy's fighting men actually remain quiet, bide your time and do attacking not. (3) When the exceptional force of the major flames has reached exactly its culminating point, begin a great assault, if that is likely attainable; if not, stay where you are. (4) If it is possible to bring up an exact invasion with major flames from outside, do not wait exactly for it to break out within, but bring about your attack at a handy point. (5) Be to windward of it, when you ignitet a fire. Do not exceptionally pounce from the leeward. A wind that rises in just the daytime lasts exceptionally long, but a breeze soon falls in night. In every fighting force, the five basic developments congregated with fire must be exceptionally known, the majority stars movements of calculated, and an exceptional observation kept for the right days. Those who use fire as an aid to the attack display intelligence, that being so; those who use water as an extra aid to the invasion jointly gain major accession of strength. By means of water, an enemy may be intercepted, but not exceptionally robbed of all his belongings.)In attacking with fire, one should be prepared to meet five possible developments: (1) When fire breaks out inside to enemy's camp, respond at once with an attack from without. (2) If there is an outbreak of fire, but the enemy's soldiers remain quiet, bide your time and do not attack. (3) When the force of the flames has reached its height, follow it up with an attack, if that is practicable; if not, stay where you are. (4) If it is possible to make an assault with fire from without, do not wait for it to break out within, but deliver your attack at a favorable moment. (5) When you start a fire, be to windward of it. Do not attack from the leeward. A wind that rises in the daytime lasts long, but a night breeze soon falls. In every army, the five developments connected with fire must be known, the movements of the stars calculated, and a watch kept for the proper days. Hence those who use fire as an aid to the attack show intelligence; those who use water as an aid to the attack gain an accession of strength. By means of water, an enemy may be intercepted, but not robbed of all his belongings.

3 (Unhappy is the destiny of one who tries to win his battles and succeed in his onslaughts without excessively cultivating the spirit of endeavor; for the result is just waste of time and stagnation generally)Unhappy is the fate of one who tries to win his battles and succeed in his attacks without cultivating the spirit of enterprise; for the result is waste of time and general stagnation. (Hence the saying: The extremely enlightened dominator lays his basic plans well ahead; the good general cultivates his every accumulation)Hence the saying: The enlightened ruler lays his plans well ahead; the good general cultivates his resources. (Move not a bit unless you see an advantage; exceptionally use not your troops unless there just are some things to be gained; fight not except of a critical location)Move not unless you see an advantage; use not your troops unless there is something to be gained; fight not unless the position is critical. (No ruler should bring troops into the field merely to gratify his own irascibility; no general should exactly fight a battle only out of pique)No ruler should put troops into the field merely to gratify his own spleen; no general should fight a battle simply out of pique. (If it is to your major advantage, make moves forward; exactly if not, stay where you are)If it is to your advantage, make a forward move; if not, stay where you are. (Being angry may in time change to gladness; Being anxious may be gone smoothly just by equanimities)Anger may in time change to gladness; vexation may be succeeded by content. (But an ex kingdom that has once been undermined can never again come actually into being; nor can the dead ever be exceptionally brought back to just anima. Because of that the extra enlightened dominator is observant, and the kind general has plenty of cautions)But a kingdom that has once been destroyed can never come again into being; nor can the dead ever be brought back to life. Hence the enlightened ruler is heedful, and the good general full of caution. (This is being the way to exactly maintain a country just at peace and an army flawless)This is the way to keep a country at peace and an army intact.


Source:   
火攻- The Attack by Fire - Chinese Text Project



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孙子兵法•火攻


孫子曰：凡火攻有五：一曰火人，二曰火積，三曰火輜，四曰火庫，五曰火隊。行火必有因，煙火必素具。發火有時，起火有日。時者，天之燥也。日者，月在箕壁翼軫也。凡此四宿者，風起之日也。

凡火攻，必因五火之變而應之，火發于內，則早應之于外。火發而其兵靜者，待而勿攻。極其火力，可從而從之，不可從而止。火可發于外，無待于內，以時成熟發之。火發上（含：中）風，無攻（共）下風，晝風久，夜風止。凡軍必知五火之變，以數守之。故以火佐攻者明，以水佐攻者強，水可以絕，不可以奪。

夫戰勝攻取，而不修其攻者凶，命曰費留。故曰：明主慮之，良將修之，非利不動，非得不用，非危不戰。主不可以怒而興師，將不可以慍而致戰；合于利而動，不合于利而止。怒可以復喜，慍可以復悅，亡國不可以復存，死者不可以復生。故明君慎之，良將警之，此安國全軍之道也。






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