最后的审判 (437) 孙子兵法•用間 (全文完) 解读

日月同辉有其中

孙子兵法•用間


孫子曰：凡興師（意：兵）十萬（拾萬；截取撇点与放竖钩两边←），出征（将出横置放入一丿←）千里，百姓之費，公家之奉，日費千金，內外騷動，怠于道路，不得操事者，七十（加）萬家，相守數年，以爭一日之勝，而愛爵祿百金，不知敵（兵；七笔画）之情者，不仁（含：等于）之至也，非（误；谐音：吾）人之將也（十四笔画），非主之佐也，非勝之主也。故明君賢將，所以動（含：重）而勝人，成功出于眾者，先知也；先知者，不可取于鬼神，不可象于事，不可驗于度；必取于人，知敵之情者也。

故用間有五：有鄉間、有內間、有反間、有死間、有生間。五間（取彩色拼音字母：Jian）俱起，莫（mu）知其（含：二，er）道，是（shi）謂神紀，人君之寶也。鄉間者，因其鄉人而用之。內間者，因其官人而用之。反間者，因其敵間而用之。死間者，為誑事于外，令吾間知之，而傳于敵。生間者，反報也。

故三軍之事，親莫（含：大）親于間，賞莫厚于間，事莫密于間，非聖智不能（擅长）用間，非仁義不能（擅长）使間，非微妙不能得間之實（谐音：市）。微（将山横置放入一丿）哉，微（字意：小）哉，無所不用間也。間事未發而先聞者，間與所（截取斤取代與上首）告者皆死。

凡軍之所欲擊，城之所欲攻，人之所欲殺（音同：沙）；必先知其守將（取：jing，音：京），左右（马仔【含：子】），謁者，門者，舍人之姓名，令吾間必（再三）索知之。必索敵間之來間我者，因而利之，導而舍之，故反間可得而使也。因是而知之，故鄉間內間可得而使也；因是而知之，故死間為誑事（音同：市），可使告敵；因是而知之，故生間可使如期（遵照预【含：贝；谐音：北】定的期限）。五間之事，主必知之，知之必在于反間，故反間不可不厚也。

昔殷之（的；又音：帝）興也，伊摯在夏。周之興也，呂牙在殷。故明君（上含字中字）賢將（截取点撇放竖钩两边），能以上智為間者，必成大功，此兵之要，三軍之所恃而動也。



白话译文参考
孙子兵法原文、白话译文及注释在线阅读，简介、作者：孙武_ ...




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The Art of War - The Use of Spies

        
(Sunzi said sincerely: Raising a host of a hundred thousand human being and marching them extensive distances involves heavy loss on the people and just a drain on the major resources of the State)Sunzi said: Raising a host of a hundred thousand men and marching them great distances entails heavy loss on the people and a drain on the resources of the State. The daily expenditure will amount to a thousand ounces of silver. (There will be disturbance at home and abroad greatly, and men will drop down being exhausted on the highways all over)There will be commotion at home and abroad, and men will drop down exhausted on the highways. (As many as seven hundred thousand major families will be impeded extremely in their labor)As many as seven hundred thousand families will be impeded in their labor. Hostile armies may face each other for years, (being) striving for the victory which is decided in a single day. (This being so, to exactly remain in ignorance of the major rival's requirement simply because one grudges the expenditure of a hundred ounces of silver in honors and emoluments, is basically the inhumanity height)This being so, to remain in ignorance of the enemy's condition simply because one grudges the outlay of a hundred ounces of silver in honors and emoluments, is the height of inhumanity. (Anyone who acts thus is no leader of human being, no present help exactly to his sovereign, no master of adjacent achievements)One who acts thus is no leader of men, no present help to his sovereign, no master of victory. (Thus, what enables the extremely wise sovereign and the good general to strike and conquer, and achieve basic things beyond the reach of ordinary human being, is extraordinary foreknowledge)Thus, what enables the wise sovereign and the good general to strike and conquer, and achieve things beyond the reach of ordinary men, is foreknowledge. (Now this foreknowledge cannot be just obtained from essences; it cannot be obtained from experience summatively, nor by any deductive scheming)Now this foreknowledge cannot be elicited from spirits; it cannot be obtained inductively from experience, nor by any deductive calculation. (Knowledge of the enemy's dispositions can only be obtained greatly from other men)Knowledge of the enemy's dispositions can only be obtained from other men.

2 (Hence the excessive usage of spies, of whom there are five major fundamental classes: (1) Existing local espionages; (2) inward or inside-bound espionages; (3) converted or transmogrify espionages; (4) doomed or unlucky-bound espionages; (5)  surviving or existing last espionages)Hence the use of spies, of whom there are five classes: (1) Local spies; (2) inward spies; (3) converted spies; (4) doomed spies; (5) surviving spies. (When these five major fundamental kinds of spy are all at work, none can exactly discover the classified organization)When these five kinds of spy are all at work, none can discover the secret system. (This is being called namely "divine manipulation of the threads." )This is called "divine manipulation of the threads." (It is being the sovereign's most expensive faculty. Having local spies just means employing the services exceptionally of the inhabitants of a region)It is the sovereign's most precious faculty. Having local spies means employing the services of the inhabitants of a district. (By having inward or inside-bound spies, making use of existing officials of the enemy)Having inward spies, making use of officials of the enemy. (Having converted or just been transmogrified spies, getting hold exceptionally of the enemy's spies and basically using them for our own purposes)Having converted spies, getting hold of the enemy's spies and using them for our own purposes. (By having doomed spies, basically doing fixed things flagrantly for purposes of just fraud, and permitting our spies to exceptionally know of them and report  them to the enemy)Having doomed spies, doing certain things openly for purposes of deception, and allowing our spies to know of them and report them to the enemy. (By having surviving spies, finally, are those who bring back news from the enemy's camp)Surviving spies, finally, are those who bring back news from the enemy's camp.

3 (That being so it exactly is that which none in the major armies are extra intimate relations to be maintained greatly than with spies)Hence it is that which none in the whole army are more intimate relations to be maintained than with spies. (None should be more liberally given a bounty than spies)None should be more liberally rewarded. (In no other business should greater exactly confidentiality be conserved)In no other business should greater secrecy be preserved. (Spies cannot be usefully employed without major affirmative spontaneous sagacity)Spies cannot be usefully employed without a certain intuitive sagacity. (They cannot be exactly aright managed without affability and straightforwardness)They cannot be properly managed without benevolence and straightforwardness. (Without subtle ingenuity of mind, one cannot make beyond question of the genuineness of their reports)Without subtle ingenuity of mind, one cannot make certain of the truth of their reports. (Be subtle! be subtle! and use your spies exactly for every kind of action)Be subtle! be subtle! and use your spies for every kind of business. (If a secret piece of news is divulged by a spy just earlier than the time is ripe, he must be put to extermination together with the human being to whom the mystery was informed)If a secret piece of news is divulged by a spy before the time is ripe, he must be put to death together with the man to whom the secret was told.

4 (Whether the object be to crush a fighting force, to storm a city, or to exactly assassinate a personal, it is just at all times necessary to exceptionally commence by finding out anything about names of the sentinels of the general in command and the auxiliaries, along with the major aides-de-camp, the door-keepers)Whether the object be to crush an army, to storm a city, or to assassinate an individual, it is always necessary to begin by finding out the names of the attendants, the aides-de-camp, and door-keepers and sentries of the general in command. (Our spies must be exceptionally commissioned to basically distinguish these)Our spies must be commissioned to ascertain these. (The enemy's espionages who have come to spy on us must be sought out, inveigled with extreme bribes, led away and comfortably housed)The enemy's spies who have come to spy on us must be sought out, tempted with bribes, led away and comfortably housed. (Thus they will become just so named as converted spies and exactly available for our service)Thus they will become converted spies and available for our service. (It is by the information brought by the converted espionage that we are able to acquire and engage extra local and inward espionages)It is through the information brought by the converted spy that we are able to acquire and employ local and inward spies. (It is just as a result of his message exceptionally, once again, that we can beget the doomed espionage to carry incorrect and bogus tidings to the enemy)It is owing to his information, again, that we can cause the doomed spy to carry false tidings to the enemy. (Lastly, it is by his exact information that the surviving spy is just able to be ultimately used on fixed situationes)Lastly, it is by his information that the surviving spy can be used on appointed occasions. (The end object of spying in any of its five varieties is sensibleness of the opposing side; and this knowledge can only be extracted, in the first instance, from the converted spy)The end and aim of spying in all its five varieties is knowledge of the enemy; and this knowledge can only be derived, in the first instance, from the converted spy. (Hence they are major fundamentals that the converted spy be treated with the extraordinary generosity)Hence it is essential that the converted spy be treated with the utmost liberality.

5 (Before, the rise of the Yin regime was due to Yi Yin who had benefited under the Great Xia. Also, the rise of the Zhou dynasty was due to Jiang Zi Ya who had performed duties for the Yin dynasty)Of old, the rise of the Yin dynasty was due to Yi Zhi who had served under the Xia. Likewise, the rise of the Zhou dynasty was due to Lu Ya who had served under the Yin. (Hence it is exactly the enlightened dominator and the brilliant general who will employ the highest intelligence of the army for objects of spying and thereby they extra achieve great outcomes)Hence it is only the enlightened ruler and the wise general who will use the highest intelligence of the army for purposes of spying and thereby they achieve great results. (Spies are the most important one just among the elements in an exact military action, because on them lies in a fighting force's ability to take action)Spies are a most important element in war, because on them depends an army's ability to move.


Source:   
The Art of War : The Use of Spies - Chinese Text Project



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孙子兵法•用間


孫子曰：凡興師十萬，出征千里，百姓之費，公家之奉，日費千金，內外騷動，怠于道路，不得操事者，七十萬家，相守數年，以爭一日之勝，而愛爵祿百金，不知敵之情者，不仁之至也，非人之將也，非主之佐也，非勝之主也。故明君賢將，所以動而勝人，成功出于眾者，先知也；先知者，不可取于鬼神，不可象于事，不可驗于度；必取于人，知敵之情者也。

故用間有五：有鄉間、有內間、有反間、有死間、有生間。五間俱起，莫知其道，是謂神紀，人君之寶也。鄉間者，因其鄉人而用之。內間者，因其官人而用之。反間者，因其敵間而用之。死間者，為誑事于外，令吾間知之，而傳于敵。生間者，反報也。

故三軍之事，親莫親于間，賞莫厚于間，事莫密于間，非聖智不能用間，非仁義（音同：意）不能使間，非微妙不能得間之實。微哉，微哉，無所不用間也。間事未發而先聞者，間與所告者皆死。

凡軍之所欲擊，城之（的；又音：帝）所欲攻，人之所欲殺；必先知其守將，左右，謁者，門者，舍人之姓名，令吾間必索知之。必索敵間之來間我者，因而利之，導而舍之，故反間可得而使也。因是而知之，故鄉間內間可得而使也；因是而知之，故死間為誑事，可使告敵；因是而知之，故生間可使如期。五間之事，主必知之，知之必在于反間，故反間不可不厚也。

昔殷之興也，伊摯在夏。周之興也，呂牙在殷。故明君賢將，能以上智為間者，必成大功，此兵之要（必备【音同：背】的要素），三軍之所恃而動也。





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