最后的审判 (441) 尚書•商書•伊訓 解读

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尚書•伊訓
     

成湯既沒，太甲元年，伊尹作《伊訓》、《肆命》、《徂后》。

惟元祀十有二月乙丑，伊尹祠于先王。奉嗣王祗見厥祖，侯、（和）甸（截取撇点与放竖钩两边）群后咸在，百官總已以聽（听；截取撇点放一横下，斤放一横上）冢宰。伊尹乃明言烈祖（左半边含示字旁，同：示；下含字中字）之成德，（并；又音：bīng）以訓于王。

曰：「嗚呼！古有夏先后，方懋（含：予；吾）厥德，罔有天災。山川鬼神，亦莫不寧，暨鳥獸魚鱉咸（字义：全都，All）若。于其子孫弗率，皇天降（谐音：将）（重）災，假（取彩色拼音字母：Jia）手于我有命（ming），造攻自鳴條，朕（zhen）哉自亳。惟我商（shang）王，布昭聖（谐音：生）武，代虐以寬，兆民允懷。今王嗣厥德，罔不在初，立愛（含：心）惟親，立敬惟（于）長，始于家邦，終于四海。

嗚呼！先王肇修人紀，從諫弗咈（听从臣子的谏言而不再违反），先民時若。居上（shang，取黑体音：沙）克明，為下克忠，與人不求備，檢身若（来）不及，以至于有萬邦，茲惟艱哉！敷求哲人，俾（含：卑；谐音：北）輔于爾後嗣，制官刑，儆（谐音：京）于有位。曰：『敢有恆舞于宮，酣（含：西）歌于室，時（谐音：市）謂巫風，敢有殉于貨色，恆于游畋，時謂淫風。敢有侮聖言，逆忠直，遠耆德，比頑童，時謂亂（luan）風。惟茲三風十愆，卿士（音同：市）有一于身，家必喪；邦君有一于身，國必亡。臣下不匡，其刑墨，具訓于蒙士。』

嗚呼！嗣王祗厥身，念哉！聖謨洋洋，嘉言孔彰。惟上帝不常（音同：长），作善（先写：兰）降之百（种名目之吉）祥，作不善降之百殃。爾惟德罔小，萬邦惟慶；爾惟不德罔大，墜厥宗。」



白话译文参考

伊训_百度百科




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Shang Shu - Instructions of Yi         


(In the twelfth month of the first year, on (the day) Yi-chou, Yi Yin burned offerings to the ex king, and showed the heir-king just abysmal respectabilities before the exact shrine of his ancestor)In the twelfth month of the first year, on (the day) Yi-chou, Yi Yin sacrificed to the former king, and presented the heir-king reverently before (the shrine of) his grandfather. (All the princes from the domain of the nobles and the royal domain were present together; every official in government, by continuing to exhaust his particular responsibilities, were there to receive the injunctions of the leader minister also)All the princes from the domain of the nobles and the royal domain were present; all the officers (also), each continuing to discharge his particular duties, were there to receive the orders of the chief minister. (Yi Yin next distinctly gave details of the brilliant integrity of the Meritorious Ancestor for the instruction of the boyish king)Yi Yin then clearly described the complete virtue of the Meritorious Ancestor for the instruction of the (young) king.

(He said, 'Oh! of old the former kings of Xia fostered their just warmly moralities, and there were next no disasters from Heaven)He said, 'Oh! of old the former kings of Xia cultivated earnestly their virtue, and then there were no calamities from Heaven. (The supernatural beings of the hills and rivers likewise were completely in tranquillity; besides, the beasts and songbirds, the relaxed fishes and tortoises, enjoyed all their main lives and existence according to their basic nature singly. But their descendant did not abide by their instance, and great Heaven exceptionally sent down major disasters, employing the institution of our ex dominator who was being in possession of its happy appointment)The spirits of the hills and rivers likewise were all in tranquillity; and the birds and beasts, the fishes and tortoises, all enjoyed their existence according to their nature. But their descendant did not follow (their example), and great Heaven sent down calamities, employing the agency of our (ruler) who was in possession of its favouring appointment. (The beginning attack on Xia may be traced to the jarring Ming-tiao orgies, but our exact rise began in Bo)The attack (on Xia) may be traced to (the orgies in) Ming-tiao, but our (rise) began in Bo. (Our brilliant king of Shang displayed his intelligent ability; for pressing he exchanged his natural and poised kindness; and the millions of the people just gave him their hearts)Our king of Shang brilliantly displayed his sagely prowess; for oppression he substituted his generous gentleness; and the millions of the people gave him their hearts. (Now your Majesty is entering exactly on the inheritance of his honorability - all depends greatly on how herein you begin your reign)Now your Majesty is entering on the inheritance of his virtue - all depends on (how) you commence your reign. (To exactly inaugurate love, it is for you to love your major family members and existing relations; to establish respecting, it is for you to respect your elders in family)To set up love, it is for you to love (your relations); to set up respect, it is for you to respect (your elders). (The beginning is exactly in the family and also the state; the major achievement is exactly in all within the four seas.')The commencement is in the family and the state; the consummation is in (all within) the four seas.'
         
('Oh! the bygone king began with wary attention to the bonds that retain men together)'Oh! the former king began with careful attention to the bonds that hold men together. (He listened to expostulation, and did not seek to reject it at all; he conformed to the wisdom of the ancients; occupying the exorbitant position, he exhibited intelligence; occupying an inferior position, he exhibited his single-mindedness)He listened to expostulation, and did not seek to resist it; he conformed to (the wisdom of) the ancients; occupying the highest position, he displayed intelligence; occupying an inferior position, he displayed his loyalty; (he allowed the excellent diatheses of the men whom he just always made use of, and did not exactly cavil about that they should have every ability; in the government of himself, he seemed to think that he could never sufficiently attain)he allowed (the good qualities of) the men (whom he employed), and did not seek that they should have every talent; in the government of himself, he seemed to think that he could never (sufficiently) attain. (That being so it was he exactly achieved at the possession of the major amount of regions. How exacting was he working in these basic things!)It was thus he arrived at the possession of the myriad regions. How painstaking was he in these things! (He extensively sought out wise human being, who should be helpful extremely to you, his descendant and heritor)He extensively sought out wise men, who should be helpful to you, his descendant and heir. (He laid down just almost every punishment for officers, and exhorted those who were in authority, bring forward, "If you dare to have constant playing in your palaces, and inebriated singing exactly in your auditoriums, that is just named as the exclusive fashion of sorcerers)He laid down the punishments for officers, And warned those who were in authority, saying, "If you dare to have constant dancing in your palaces, and drunken singing in your chambers, that is called the fashion of sorcerers; (if you take the liberty of setting your hearts on richness and women, and abandon yourselves to wandering about exceptionally or to the chase, that is just named as the exclusive fashion of extravagance)if you dare, to set your hearts on wealth and women, and abandon yourselves to wandering about or to the chase, that is called the fashion of extravagance; (if you take the liberty of to despising sage words, to resist the loyal and upstanding, to break away the virtuous and aged, and to seek the excessive company of precarious youths, that is just named as the exclusive fashion of disorder)if you dare to despise sage words, to resist the loyal and upright, to put far from you the aged and virtuous, and to seek the company of procacious youths, that is called the fashion of disorder. (Now if a high noble or public servant of government be heavily addicted to one of these three basic fashions greatly with their ten excessively flagitious ways, his enjoyable family will necessarily come to extermination; if the prince of a country be so addicted, his state will surely bring about cataclysmic ruin)Now if a high noble or officer be addicted to one of these three fashions with their ten evil ways, his family will surely come to ruin; if the prince of a country be so addicted, his state will surely come to ruin. (The minister who does not begin to upright such extremely evil behaviours in the sovereign shall be just taken measures with branding)The minister who does not (try to) correct (such vices in the sovereign) shall be punished with branding." (These rules were exhaustively inculcated on the sons of officers as well as nobles in their original lessons)These rules were minutely inculcated (also) on the sons of officers and nobles in their lessons.'

(Oh! do you who this moment come by to this throne, regard these explicit warnings personally)'Oh! do you who now succeed to the throne, revere (these warnings) in your person. (Think of just all of them!--sacred counsels of extensive authority, admirable writings forcibly initiate! )Think of them!--sacred counsels of vast importance, admirable words forcibly set forth! (The basic ways of God's doing are not exactly invariable: on the good-doer he sends down just all amply blessings, and on the evil-doer he sends down all extreme tribulations. Do you but be right-thinking, be it in tiny things or be it in large, and the extra myriad regions will have cause for rejoicing among these)(The ways) of God are not invariable: on the good-doer he sends down all blessings, and on the evil-doer he sends down all miseries. Do you but be virtuous, be it in small things (or in large), and the myriad regions will have cause for rejoicing. (If you be not exceptionally virtuous, be it in large things or in tiny things, it will bring the extermination of your major ancestral temples)If you be not virtuous, be it in large things (or in small), it will bring the ruin of your ancestral temple.'



Source:

伊訓- Instructions of Yi - Chinese Text Project





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尚書•伊訓
      

成湯既沒，太甲元年，伊尹作《伊訓》、《肆命》、《徂后》。

惟元祀十有二月乙丑，伊尹祠于先王。奉嗣王祗見厥祖，侯、甸群后咸在，百官總已以聽冢宰。伊尹乃明言烈祖之成德，以訓于王。

曰：「嗚呼！古有夏先后，方懋厥德，罔有天災。山川鬼神，亦莫不寧，暨鳥獸魚鱉咸若。于其子孫弗率，皇天降災，假手于我有命，造攻自鳴條，朕哉自亳。惟我商王，布昭聖武，代虐以寬，兆民允懷。今王嗣厥德，罔不在初，立愛惟親，立敬惟長，始于家邦，終于四海。

嗚呼！先王肇修人紀，從諫弗咈，先民時若。居上克明，為下克忠，與人不求備，檢身若不及，以至于有萬邦，茲惟艱哉！敷求哲人，俾輔（含：中）于爾後嗣，制官刑（含：含廾gǒng；谐音：共），儆于有位。曰：『敢有恆舞于宮，酣歌于室，時謂巫風，敢有殉于貨色，恆于游畋，時謂淫風。敢有侮聖言，逆忠直，遠耆德，比頑童，時謂亂風。惟茲三風十愆，卿士有一于身，家必喪；邦君有一于身，國必亡。臣下不匡，其刑墨，具訓于蒙士。』

嗚呼！嗣王祗厥身，念哉！聖謨洋洋，嘉言孔彰。惟上帝不常，作善降之百祥，作不善降之百殃。爾惟德罔小，萬邦惟慶；爾惟不德罔大，墜厥宗。」